UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2004

Commission file number 1-12672

AVALONBAY COMMUNITIES, INC.

2900 Eisenhower Avenue, Suite 300
Alexandria, Virginia 22314
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(703) 329-6300
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding twelve (12) months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past ninety (90) days.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date:

71,598,025 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, were outstanding as of April 30, 2004

AVALONBAY COMMUNITIES, INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

AVALONBAY COMMUNITIES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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AVALONBAY COMMUNITIES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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AVALONBAY COMMUNITIES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)

Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities (dollars in thousands):

During the three months ended March 31, 2004:

During the three months ended March 31, 2003:

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AVALONBAY COMMUNITIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

1. Organization and Significant Accounting Policies

Organization

AvalonBay Communities, Inc. (the “Company,” which term, unless the context otherwise requires, refers to AvalonBay Communities, Inc. together with its subsidiaries) is a Maryland corporation that has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The Company focuses on the ownership and operation of apartment communities in high barrier-to-entry markets of the United States. These markets are located in the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, Pacific Northwest, and Northern and Southern California regions of the country.

At March 31, 2004, the Company owned or held a direct or indirect ownership interest in 134 operating apartment communities containing 39,019 apartment homes in ten states and the District of Columbia, of which one community containing 781 apartment homes was under reconstruction. In addition, the Company owned or held a direct or indirect ownership interest in eleven communities under construction that are expected to contain an aggregate of 3,380 apartment homes when completed. The Company also owned a direct or indirect ownership interest in rights to develop an additional 41 communities that, if developed in the manner expected, will contain an estimated 10,912 apartment homes.

During the three months ended March 31, 2004:

The interim unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in conjunction with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements required by GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2004 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year. Management believes the disclosures are adequate to ensure the information presented is not misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments and eliminations, consisting only of normal, recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial statements for the interim periods, have been included.

Principles of Consolidation

The Company assesses consolidation of variable interest entities under the guidance of FASB Interpretation No. 46 (“FIN 46”), “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an Interpretation of ARB No. 51,” as revised in December 2003. The Company accounts for joint venture partnerships and subsidiary partnerships structured as DownREITs that are not variable interest entities in accordance with Statement of Position (“SOP”) 78-9, “Accounting for

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Investments in Real Estate Ventures.” Under SOP 78-9, the Company consolidates joint venture and DownREIT partnerships when the Company controls the major operating and financial policies of the partnership through majority ownership or in its capacity as general partner. The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned partnerships, certain joint venture partnerships, subsidiary partnerships structured as DownREITs and one variable interest entity under FIN 46. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

In each of the partnerships structured as DownREITs, either the Company or one of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries is the general partner, and there are one or more limited partners whose interest in the partnership is represented by units of limited partnership interest. For each DownREIT partnership, limited partners are entitled to receive an initial distribution before any distribution is made to the general partner. Although the partnership agreements for each of the DownREITs are different, generally the distributions per unit paid to the holders of units of limited partnership interests have approximated the Company’s current common stock dividend per share. Each DownREIT partnership has been structured so that it is unlikely the limited partners will be entitled to a distribution greater than the initial distribution provided for in the partnership agreement. The holders of units of limited partnership interest have the right to present each unit of limited partnership interest for redemption for cash equal to the fair market value of a share of the Company’s common stock on the date of redemption. In lieu of a cash redemption by the partnership of a limited partner’s unit, the Company may elect to acquire any unit presented for redemption for one share of common stock or for such cash amount.

The Company accounts for investments in unconsolidated entities that are not variable interest entities in accordance with SOP 78-9 and Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 18, “The Equity Method of Accounting for Investments in Common Stock.” The Company uses the equity method to account for investments in which it owns greater than 20% of the equity value or has significant and disproportionate influence over that entity. Investments in which the Company owns 20% or less of the equity value and does not have significant and disproportionate influence are accounted for using the cost method. If there is an event or change in circumstance that indicates a loss in the value of an investment, the Company’s policy is to record the loss and reduce the value of the investment to its fair value. A loss in value would be indicated if the Company could not recover the carrying value of the investment or if the investee could not sustain an earnings capacity that would justify the carrying amount of the investment.

Revenue Recognition

Rental income related to leases is recognized on an accrual basis when due from residents in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, “Revenue Recognition” and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 13, “Accounting for Leases.” In accordance with the Company’s standard lease terms, rental payments are generally due on a monthly basis. Any cash concessions given at the inception of the lease are amortized over the approximate life of the lease, which is generally one year.

Real Estate

Significant expenditures which improve or extend the life of an asset are capitalized. The operating real estate assets are stated at cost and consist of land, buildings and improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment, and other costs incurred during their development, redevelopment and acquisition. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred.

The Company’s policy with respect to capital expenditures is generally to capitalize only non-recurring expenditures. Improvements and upgrades are capitalized only if the item exceeds $15, extends the useful life of the asset and is not related to making an apartment home ready for the next resident. Purchases of personal property, such as computers and furniture, are capitalized only if the item is a new addition and exceeds $2.5. The Company generally expenses purchases of personal property made for replacement purposes.

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The capitalization of costs during the development of assets (including interest and related loan fees, property taxes and other direct and indirect costs) begins when active development commences and ends when the asset, or a portion of an asset, is delivered and is ready for its intended use, which is generally indicated by the issuance of a certificate of occupancy. Cost capitalization during redevelopment of apartment homes (including interest and related loan fees, property taxes and other direct and indirect costs) begins when an apartment home is taken out-of-service for redevelopment and ends when the apartment home redevelopment is completed and the apartment home is available for a new resident.

In accordance with SFAS No. 67, “Accounting for Costs and Initial Rental Operations of Real Estate Projects,” the Company capitalizes pre-development costs incurred in pursuit of new development opportunities for which the Company currently believes future development is probable (“Development Rights”). Future development of these Development Rights is dependent upon various factors, including zoning and regulatory approval, rental market conditions, construction costs and availability of capital. Pre-development costs incurred in the pursuit of Development Rights for which future development is not yet considered probable are expensed as incurred. In addition, if the status of a Development Right changes, deeming future development no longer probable, any capitalized pre-development costs are written-off with a charge to expense.

Depreciation is calculated on buildings and improvements using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range from seven to thirty years. Furniture, fixtures and equipment are generally depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range from three years (primarily computer-related equipment) to seven years.

Lease terms for apartment homes are generally one year or less. Rental income and operating costs incurred during the initial lease-up or post-redevelopment lease-up period are fully recognized as they accrue.

If there is an event or change in circumstance that indicates an impairment in the value of an operating community, the Company’s policy is to assess any impairment in value by making a comparison of the current and projected operating cash flows of the community over its remaining useful life, on an undiscounted basis, to the carrying amount of the community. If the carrying amount is in excess of the estimated projected operating cash flows of the community, the Company would recognize an impairment loss equivalent to an amount required to adjust the carrying amount to its estimated fair market value. The Company has not recognized an impairment loss in the three months ended March 31, 2004 or 2003 on any of its operating communities.

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred financing costs include fees and costs incurred to obtain debt financing and are amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the effective interest method, over the shorter of the term of the loan or the related credit enhancement facility, if applicable. Unamortized financing costs are written-off when debt is retired before the maturity date. Accumulated amortization of deferred financing costs was $20,413 at March 31, 2004 and $19,266 at December 31, 2003.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Cash in Escrow

Cash and cash equivalents include all cash and liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less from the date acquired. The majority of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and cash in escrows is held at major commercial banks.

Interest Rate Contracts

The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk and has designated these financial instruments as hedges under the guidance of SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” and SFAS No. 138, “Accounting for Certain Instruments and Certain Hedging Activities, an Amendment of Statement No. 133.” For fair value hedge transactions, changes in the fair value of the derivative instrument and changes in the fair value of the hedged item due to the risk being hedged are recognized in current period earnings. For cash flow hedge transactions, changes in the fair value of the derivative instrument are reported in other comprehensive

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income. For cash flow hedges where the changes in the fair value of the derivative exceed the change in fair value of the hedged item, the ineffective portion is recognized in current period earnings. Derivatives which are not part of a hedge relationship are recorded at fair value through earnings. As of March 31, 2004, the Company had approximately $164,000 in variable rate, tax-exempt debt subject to cash flow hedges. See Note 5, “Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.”

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income, as reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income, is defined as all changes in equity during each period except for those resulting from investments by or distributions to shareholders. Accumulated other comprehensive loss as reflected in Note 4, “Stockholders’ Equity,” reflects the changes in the fair value of effective cash flow hedges.

Earnings per Common Share

In accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 128, “Earnings per Share,” basic earnings per share is computed by dividing earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Other potentially dilutive common shares, and the related impact to earnings, are considered when calculating earnings per share on a diluted basis. The Company’s earnings per common share are determined as follows:

Certain options to purchase shares of common stock in the amounts of 3,000 and 2,106,436 were outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the options’ exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the common shares for the period and therefore, are anti-dilutive.

Stock-Based Compensation

Effective January 1, 2003, the Company adopted the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” as amended by SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation – Transition and Disclosure – an amendment of FASB Statement No. 123,” prospectively to all employee awards granted, modified, or settled on or after January 1, 2003. Awards under the Company’s stock option plans vest over periods ranging from one to three years. Therefore, the cost related to stock-based employee

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compensation for employee stock options included in the determination of net income for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003, is less than that which would have been recognized if the fair value based method had been applied to all awards since the original effective date of SFAS No. 123.

The following table illustrates the effect on net income available to common stockholders and earnings per share if the fair value based method had been applied to all outstanding and unvested awards in each period based on the fair market value as determined on the date of grant:

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In December 2003, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued the revised FIN 46, which changed the guidelines for consolidation of and disclosure related to unconsolidated entities, if those unconsolidated entities qualify as variable interest entities as defined in FIN 46. The Company had previously adopted the provisions of FIN 46 for variable interest entities created after January 31, 2003. However, the adoption of FIN 46 for variable interest entities created on or before January 31, 2003 was required for periods ending after March 15, 2004. The Company has adopted the final provisions of FIN 46 as of January 1, 2004, resulting in the consolidation of one entity from which the Company holds a participating mortgage loan as described in Note 9, “Related Party Arrangements.” The consolidation of this entity resulted in an increase to net real estate assets of approximately $33,000 and the elimination of the previously recorded mortgage note and accrued interest of approximately $27,300. In addition, the Company recognized a cumulative effect of change in accounting principle during the three months ended March 31, 2004 in the amount of $4,547, which increased earnings per common share – diluted by $0.06. The Company does not hold an equity interest in this entity, and therefore 100% of the entity’s net income or loss is recognized by the Company as minority interest in consolidated partnerships on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

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Discontinued Operations

On January 1, 2002, the Company adopted SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” which requires that the assets and liabilities and the results of operations of any communities which have been sold since January 1, 2002, or otherwise qualify as held for sale, be presented as discontinued operations in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in both current and prior periods presented. The community specific components of net income that are presented as discontinued operations include net operating income, depreciation expense, minority interest expense and interest expense. In addition, the net gain or loss (including any impairment loss) on the eventual disposal of communities held for sale will be presented as discontinued operations when recognized. A change in presentation for discontinued operations will not have any impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. Real estate assets held for sale are measured at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less the cost to sell, and are presented separately in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Subsequent to classification of a community as held for sale, no further depreciation is recorded on the assets.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to amounts in prior period’s financial statements to conform with current period presentations.

2. Interest Capitalized

Capitalized interest associated with communities under development or redevelopment totaled $5,068 and $6,206 for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

3. Notes Payable, Unsecured Notes and Credit Facility

The Company’s mortgage notes payable, unsecured notes and variable rate unsecured credit facility as of March 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003 are summarized as follows:

During the three months ended March 31, 2004, the Company repaid $125,000 of previously issued unsecured notes, along with any unpaid interest, pursuant to their scheduled maturity, and no prepayment fees were incurred. The Company’s unsecured notes contain a number of financial and other covenants with which the Company must comply, including, but not limited to, limits on the aggregate amount of total and secured indebtedness the Company may have on a consolidated basis and limits on the Company’s required debt service payments.

Also during the three months ended March 31, 2004, the Company repaid $11,381 in fixed rate mortgage debt secured by a current community, along with any unpaid interest, prior to its scheduled maturity in August 2004. In the aggregate, mortgage notes payable mature at various dates from May 2004 through April 2043 and are secured by certain apartment communities. As of March 31, 2004, the Company has guaranteed approximately $145,400 of mortgage notes payable held by subsidiaries; all such mortgage notes payable are consolidated for financial reporting

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purposes. The weighted average interest rate of the Company’s fixed rate mortgage notes payable (conventional and tax-exempt) was 6.9% at March 31, 2004 and 6.7% at December 31, 2003. The weighted average interest rate of the Company’s variable rate mortgage notes payable and its unsecured credit facility (as discussed below), including the effect of certain financing related fees, was 1.8% at March 31, 2004 and 3.5% at December 31, 2003.

As of March 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, the Company had approximately $70,000 and $158,000, respectively, of variable rate, tax-exempt debt effectively fixed through Hedged Derivatives, as described in Note 5, “Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.” In February 2004, the credit enhancements, including Hedged Derivatives in the form of interest rate swaps, on approximately $87,000 of this variable rate, tax-exempt debt expired according to their original terms and were not extended. This $87,000 of variable rate, tax-exempt debt now floats at an average coupon interest rate of 1.5% as of March 31, 2004. New Hedged Derivatives in the form of interest rate protection agreements are currently in place on the $87,000 of variable rate, tax-exempt debt, which serve to effectively limit the level to which interest rates can rise to a range of 6.7% to 9.0%.

Scheduled payments and maturities of mortgage notes payable, including two mortgage notes payable in the amounts of $10,400 and $18,755 relating to assets held for sale, and unsecured notes outstanding at March 31, 2004 are as follows:

The Company has a $500,000 revolving variable rate unsecured credit facility with JP Morgan Chase Bank and Bank of America, N.A. serving as co-agents for a syndicate of commercial banks, which had $246,100 outstanding and $22,415 in letters of credit on March 31, 2004 and $51,100 outstanding and $19,901 in letters of credit on December 31, 2003. Under the terms of the unsecured credit facility, if the Company elects to increase the facility by up to an additional $150,000, and one or more banks (from the syndicate or otherwise) voluntarily agree to provide the additional commitment, then the Company will be able to increase the facility up to $650,000, and no member of the syndicate of banks can prohibit such increase; such an increase in the facility will only be effective to the extent banks (from the syndicate or otherwise) choose to commit to lend additional funds. The Company pays participating banks, in the aggregate, an annual facility fee of approximately $750 in quarterly installments. The unsecured credit facility bears interest at varying levels based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), rating levels achieved on the Company’s unsecured notes and on a maturity schedule selected by the Company. The current stated pricing is LIBOR plus 0.60% per annum (1.69% on March 31, 2004). Pricing could vary if there is a change in rating by either of the two leading national rating agencies; a change in rating of one level would impact

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the unsecured credit facility pricing by 0.05% to 0.15%. In addition, the unsecured credit facility includes a competitive bid option, which allows banks that are part of the lender consortium to bid to make loans to the Company at a rate that is lower than the stated rate provided by the unsecured credit facility for up to $400,000. The competitive bid option may result in lower pricing if market conditions allow. The Company had $200,000 outstanding under this competitive bid option at March 31, 2004. The Company is subject to (i) certain customary covenants under the unsecured credit facility, including, but not limited to, maintaining certain maximum leverage ratios, a minimum fixed charges coverage ratio and minimum unencumbered assets and equity levels and (ii) prohibitions on paying dividends in amounts that exceed 95% of the Company’s Funds from Operations, as defined therein, except as may be required to maintain the Company’s REIT status. The existing facility matures on May 23, 2004, unless the Company exercises a one-year renewal option. The Company expects to refinance the facility prior to maturity without exercising the renewal option. Although renegotiations have begun, there can be no assurance that the refinancing will occur. During the renegotiation period, the Company was required to collateralize letters of credit in the amount of $17,577. This funding, which is reflected in prepaid expenses and other assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, will be repaid to the Company after the refinancing is complete or when the letters of credit are extinguished.

4. Stockholders’ Equity

The following summarizes the changes in stockholders’ equity for the three months ended March 31, 2004:

During the three months ended March 31, 2004, the Company (i) issued 389,083 shares of common stock in connection with stock options exercised, (ii) issued 48,629 shares of common stock in exchange for the redemption of an equal number of DownREIT limited partnership units, (iii) issued 140,563 common shares in connection with stock grants to employees of which 80% are restricted, (iv) had forfeitures of 72 shares of restricted stock grants to employees and (v) withheld 48,657 shares to satisfy employees’ tax withholding and other liabilities.

Dividends per common share for both the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003 were $0.70, per share. In the three months ended March 31, 2004, average dividends for all non-redeemed preferred shares during the period were $0.54 per share, and no preferred shares were redeemed. In the three months ended March 31, 2003, average dividends for preferred shares redeemed during the period were $0.44 per share and average dividends for all non-redeemed preferred shares were $0.31 per share.

In March 2004, the Company announced that it would resume its Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (the “DRIP”). The DRIP allows for holders of the Company’s common stock or preferred stock to purchase shares of common stock through either reinvested dividends or optional cash payments. The purchase price per share for newly issued shares of common stock under the DRIP will be equal to the last reported sale price for a share of the Company’s common stock as reported by the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) on the applicable investment date. The DRIP will be effective beginning with the Company’s common stock dividend for the three months ended June 30, 2004.

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5. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company has historically used interest rate swap and cap agreements (collectively, the “Hedged Derivatives”) to reduce the impact of interest rate fluctuations on its variable rate, tax-exempt bonds. The Company has not entered into any interest rate hedge agreements or treasury locks for its conventional unsecured debt and does not hold interest rate hedge agreements for trading or other speculative purposes. As of March 31, 2004, the Hedged Derivatives fix approximately $70,000 of the Company’s tax-exempt debt at a weighted average interest rate of 6.3% through interest rate swaps. In addition, as of March 31, 2004, the Company has Hedged Derivatives on $94,000 of its tax-exempt debt, which floats at a weighted average coupon interest rate of 1.6% and has been capped at a weighted average interest rate of 7.6% through interest rate caps. These Hedged Derivatives have maturity dates ranging from 2007 to 2010. In addition, one of the Company’s unconsolidated real estate investments (see Note 6, “Investments in Unconsolidated Entities”) has $22,500 in variable rate debt outstanding as of March 31, 2004, which is subject to an interest rate swap. This debt is not recourse to or guaranteed by the Company. The Hedged Derivatives are accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 133, which as amended, was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2001. SFAS No. 133 requires that every derivative instrument be recorded on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at its fair value, with changes in fair value recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met.

The Company has determined that its Hedged Derivatives qualify as effective cash-flow hedges under SFAS No. 133, resulting in the Company recording all changes in the fair value of the Hedged Derivatives in other comprehensive income. Amounts recorded in other comprehensive income will be reclassified into earnings in the period in which earnings are affected by the hedged cash flows. To adjust the Hedged Derivatives to their fair value, the Company recorded an unrealized loss to other comprehensive income of $372 and an unrealized gain to other comprehensive income of $749 during the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The estimated amount, included in accumulated other comprehensive income as of March 31, 2004, expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next twelve months to offset the variability of cash flows during this period is not material.

The Company assesses, both at inception and on an on-going basis, the effectiveness of all hedges in offsetting cash flows of hedged items. Hedge ineffectiveness did not have a material impact on earnings and the Company does not anticipate that it will have a material effect in the future. The fair values of the obligations under the Hedged Derivatives are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

By using derivative financial instruments to hedge exposures to changes in interest rates, the Company exposes itself to credit risk and market risk. The credit risk is the risk of a counterparty not performing under the terms of the Hedged Derivatives. The counterparties to these Hedged Derivatives are major financial institutions which have an A+ or better credit rating by the Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group. The Company monitors the credit ratings of counterparties and the amount of the Company’s debt subject to Hedged Derivatives with any one party. Therefore, the Company believes the likelihood of realizing material losses from counterparty non-performance is remote. Market risk is the adverse effect of the value of financial instruments that results from a change in interest rates. The market risk associated with interest-rate contracts is managed by the establishment and monitoring of parameters that limit the types and degree of market risk that may be undertaken. These risks are managed by the Company’s Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President – Finance.

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6. Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

The Company accounts for investments in unconsolidated real estate entities that are not considered variable interest entities under FIN 46 in accordance with SOP 78-9 and APB Opinion No. 18. The Company applies the equity method of accounting to an investment in an entity if it owns greater than 20% of the equity value or has significant and disproportionate influence over that entity. At March 31, 2004, the Company’s investments in unconsolidated real estate entities accounted for under the equity method of accounting consisted of:

In addition, in February 2004, the Company entered into a joint venture agreement with an unrelated third-party for the development of Avalon Chrystie Place I, located in New York, New York. Avalon Chrystie Place I, when completed, is expected to contain 361 apartment homes and 89,000 square feet of retail space for a total capital cost of approximately $149,900. The construction of this community will be partially funded through the issuance of $117,000 in variable rate, tax-exempt debt, $58,500 of which closed in February 2004, with the remainder expected to close by the end of 2004. In connection with the general contractor services that the Company provides to CVP I, LLC, the entity that owns and is developing Avalon Chrystie Place I, the Company has provided a construction completion guarantee to the lender in order to fulfill their standard financing requirements related to the construction financing. The obligation of the Company under this guarantee will terminate following construction completion once all of the lender’s standard completion requirements have been satisfied. The Company expects this to occur in the beginning of 2006. The Company holds a 20% equity interest in this joint venture entity, with the remaining 80% equity interest held by the third-party. The Company also holds a right to 50% of distributions after achievement of a threshold return. The Company accounts for this investment under the equity method of accounting.

The following is a combined summary of the financial position of the entities accounted for using the equity method, as of the dates presented:

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The following is a combined summary of the operating results of the entities accounted for using the equity method, for the periods presented:

The Company also holds a 25% limited liability company membership interest in the limited liability company that owns Avalon on the Sound. The Company, which originally owned 100% of the limited liability company, sold a 75% controlling interest in the limited liability company to a third-party in 2000. As part of the sale, the Company retained an option to repurchase the 75% interest. The Company believes it is unlikely that the repurchase option will be exercised. This repurchase option will terminate in December 2004. In accordance with SFAS No. 66, “Accounting for Sales of Real Estate,” the sale of the 75% interest is not recognized due to the existence of the repurchase option, and therefore the Company accounts for Avalon on the Sound as a profit-sharing arrangement. As a result, the revenues and expenses, and assets and liabilities of Avalon on the Sound are included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, with the 75% interest presented as part of accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The income allocated to the controlling partner is shown as venture partner interest in profit-sharing on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income.

In March 2004, the Company entered into an agreement with an unrelated third-party which provides that, after the Company completes construction of Avalon Del Rey, located in Los Angles, California, the community will be owned and operated by a joint venture between the company and the third-party. Avalon Del Rey, when completed, is expected to contain 309 apartment homes for a total capital cost of approximately $70,000. Upon completion of construction, the third-party venture partner will invest $49,000 and will be granted a 70% ownership interest in the venture, with the Company retaining a 30% equity interest. The Company will consolidate this entity until the third-party venture partner contributes its investment to the venture at construction completion.

Investments in Unconsolidated Non-Real Estate Entities

At March 31, 2004, the Company held minority interest investments in three non-real estate entities, all of which are technology companies. Based on ownership and control criteria, the Company accounts for one of these investments using the equity method, with the remaining non-real estate investments accounted for at cost. The aggregate carrying value of the Company’s investment in unconsolidated non-real estate entities was $1,115 and $1,456 as of March 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, respectively.

7. Discontinued Operations – Real Estate Assets Sold or Held for Sale

During the three months ended March 31, 2004, the Company did not sell any communities. During the three months ended March 31, 2003, the Company sold one community, Avalon Westside Terrace, located in Los Angeles, California. This 363 apartment home community was sold at a sales price of $46,700, resulting in net proceeds of $46,422 and a gain in accordance with GAAP of $14,072.

In addition, as of March 31, 2004, the Company had three communities that qualified as held for sale under the provisions of SFAS No. 144. As required under SFAS No. 144, the operations for any communities sold from January 1, 2003 through March 31, 2004 and communities held for sale as of March 31, 2004 have been presented as discontinued operations in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Accordingly, certain reclassifications have been made in prior years to reflect discontinued operations consistent with current period presentation. The following is a summary of income from discontinued operations for the periods presented:

The Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets include other assets (excluding net real estate) of $1,609 and $1,428, other liabilities of $1,128 and $1,084 and mortgage notes payable of $29,155 and $29,155 as of March 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, respectively, relating to real estate assets sold or held for sale. The estimated proceeds less anticipated costs to sell the real estate assets held for sale as of March 31, 2004 are greater than the carrying values as of March 31, 2004, and therefore no provisions for possible losses were recorded.

8. Segment Reporting

The Company’s reportable operating segments include Established Communities, Other Stabilized Communities, and Development/Redevelopment Communities. Annually as of January 1st, the Company determines which of its communities fall into each of these categories and maintains that classification throughout the year for the purpose of reporting segment operations.

In addition, the Company owns land held for future development and has other corporate assets that are not allocated to an operating segment.

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SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” requires that segment disclosures present the
measure(s) used by the chief operating decision maker for purposes of assessing such segments’ performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is comprised of several members of its executive management team who use Net Operating Income (“NOI”) as the primary financial measure for Established and Other Stabilized Communities. NOI is defined by the Company as total revenue less direct property operating expenses, including property taxes, and excludes corporate-level property management and other indirect operating expenses, interest income and expense, general and administrative expense, equity in income of unconsolidated entities, minority interest in consolidated partnerships, venture partner interest in profit-sharing, depreciation expense, cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, gain on sale of communities and income from discontinued operations. Although the Company considers NOI a useful measure of a community’s or communities’ operating performance, NOI should not be considered an alternative to net income or net cash flow from operating activities, as determined in accordance with GAAP.

The primary performance measure for communities under development or redevelopment depends on the stage of completion. While under development, management monitors actual construction costs against budgeted costs as well as lease-up pace and rent levels compared to budget.

The following table provides details of the Company’s segment information as of the dates specified. The segments are classified based on the individual community’s status as of the beginning of the given calendar year. Therefore, each year the composition of communities within each business segment is adjusted. Accordingly, the amounts between years are not directly comparable. The accounting policies applicable to the operating segments described above are the same as those described in Note 1, “Organization and Significant Accounting Policies.”

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Segment information for the periods ending March 31, 2004 and 2003 has been adjusted for the communities that were designated as held for sale as of March 31, 2004 or sold from January 1, 2003 through March 31, 2004 as described in Note 7, “Discontinued Operations – Real Estate Assets Sold or Held for Sale.”

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9. Related Party Arrangements

Purchase of Mortgage Loan

The Company’s Chairman and CEO is a partner of an entity that is the general partner of Arbor Commons Associates Limited Partnership (“Arbor Commons Associates”). Arbor Commons Associates owns Avalon Arbor, a 302 apartment home community in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts. Concurrently with its initial public offering in November 1993, Avalon Properties, Inc. (“Avalon”), a predecessor entity, purchased an existing participating mortgage loan made to Arbor Commons Associates that was originated by CIGNA Investments, Inc. The mortgage loan is secured by Arbor Commons Associates’ interest in Avalon Arbor. This loan accrues interest at a fixed rate of 10.2% per annum, payable at 9.0% per annum. In January 2004, Arbor Commons Associates was unable to make its mortgage note payment, resulting in a default on the note receivable. In February 2004, Arbor Commons Associates remedied the default by paying the outstanding payment. Under the terms of the loan, the Company (as successor to Avalon) receives (as contingent interest) 50% of the cash flow after the 10.2% accrual rate is paid and 50% of the residual profits upon the sale of the community. As of December 31, 2003, the Company reported a note receivable of $21,483 and accrued interest on the note of $5,834. Related interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2003 was $793. Beginning January 1, 2004, the Company consolidates the financial position and results of operations of Arbor Commons Associates under the requirements of FIN 46 as discussed in Note 1, “Organization and Significant Accounting Policies.” As such, the note receivable, related accrued interest and interest income as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2004 have been eliminated in consolidation.

Unconsolidated Entities

The Company manages several unconsolidated real estate joint venture entities for which it receives management fee revenue. From these entities the Company received management fee revenue of $170 and $237 in the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

Director Compensation

The Company’s 1994 Plan provides that directors of the Company who are also employees receive no additional compensation for their services as a director. In accordance with the Company’s 1994 Plan, as then in effect, on the fifth business day following the Company’s May 2003 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, each of the Company’s non-employee directors automatically received options to purchase 7,000 shares of common stock at the last reported sale price of the common stock on the NYSE on such date, and a restricted stock grant (or, in lieu thereof, a deferred stock award) of 2,500 shares of common stock. On May 14, 2003, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to the 1994 Plan pursuant to which, in lieu of the stock and option awards described above, each non-employee director would receive, following the 2004 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and each annual meeting thereafter, (i) a number of shares of restricted stock (or deferred stock awards) having a value of $100 based on the last reported sale price of the common stock on the NYSE on the fifth business day following the prior year’s annual meeting and (ii) $30 cash, payable in quarterly installments of $7.5. A non-employee director may elect to receive all or a portion of such cash payment in the form of a deferred stock award. The Company recorded compensation expense relating to the restricted stock grants, deferred stock awards and stock options in the amount of $230 and $160 in the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Deferred compensation relating to these restricted stock grants, deferred stock awards and stock options was $627 and $722 on March 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, respectively.

Investment in Realeum, Inc.

As an employee incentive and retention mechanism, the Company arranged for officers of the Company to hold direct or indirect economic interests in Realeum, Inc. Realeum, Inc. is a company involved in the development and deployment of a property management and leasing automation system in which the Company invested $2,300 in January 2002, but has a carrying value of $0 as of March 31, 2004. The Company currently utilizes this property management and leasing automation system and has paid $144 and $100 to Realeum, Inc. under the terms of its licensing arrangements during the three month periods ended March 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

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10. Subsequent Events

In April 2004, the Company entered into an agreement pursuant to which the Company will develop a community in Kirkland, Washington and, upon completion, contribute the community to a joint venture. The community is expected to contain 188 apartment homes for a total capital cost of approximately $45,500. Upon contribution of the community to the joint venture, the Company expects to be reimbursed for all costs incurred to develop the community. The third-party joint venture partner will receive a 100% equity interest in the joint venture and will manage the joint venture. The Company will receive a residual profits interest and will be engaged to manage the community for a property management fee.

On April 14, 2004, the Company issued $150,000 in unsecured notes under its existing shelf registration statement at an interest rate of 5.375%. Interest on these notes is payable semi-annually on April 15 and October 15, and the unsecured notes will mature on April 15, 2014. The net proceeds from this issuance will be used to reduce indebtedness outstanding under the Company’s unsecured credit facility and for other corporate purposes.

On April 19, 2004, the Company sold Avalon Greenbriar, a 421 apartment home community located in Renton, Washington for a gross sales price of $34,100, resulting in a GAAP gain of approximately $2,500. The net proceeds, after debt assumption and closing costs, of approximately $14,000 were used to reduce borrowings under the Company’s unsecured credit facility.

In April 2004, Arbor Commons Associates was unable to make its mortgage note payment, resulting in a default on the note receivable held by the Company as discussed in Note 9, “Related Party Arrangements.” The Company issued a default notice in May 2004 and is currently in discussion with Arbor Commons Associates to remedy the default. The Company believes that the assets related to Arbor Commons Associates are fully realizable. In May 2004, the Company’s Chairman and CEO withdrew as a partner of the entity that is the general partner of Arbor Commons Associates.

In May 2004, the Company repaid $12,870 in fixed rate mortgage debt secured by a current community, along with any unpaid interest, pursuant to its scheduled maturity.

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We are a real estate investment trust, or REIT, incorporated in the state of Maryland and focused on the ownership and operation of apartment communities in high barrier-to-entry markets of the United States. As of April 30, 2004, we had 133 current operating communities, which are the primary contributors to our overall operating performance. The net operating income of these communities, which is one of the financial measures that we use to evaluate community performance, is affected by the demand and supply dynamics within our markets, our rental rates and occupancy levels, and our ability to control operating costs. Our overall operating performance is also impacted by the general availability and cost of capital and the performance of our newly developed and acquired apartment communities. We create long-term shareholder value by accessing capital on cost effective terms, deploying that capital to develop, redevelop and acquire apartment communities in high barrier-to-entry markets, operating apartments and selling communities when they no longer meet our long-term investment strategy and when market conditions are favorable.

This Form 10-Q, including the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations, contains forward-looking statements that predict or indicate future events and trends that do not report historical matters. Actual results or developments could differ materially from those projected in such statements as a result of the risk factors set forth on page 47 of this report. The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes included elsewhere in this report.

Business Description and Community Information Overview

We believe that apartment communities present an attractive long-term investment opportunity compared to other real estate investments because a broad potential resident base should result in relatively stable demand over a real estate cycle. We intend to continue to pursue real estate investments in markets where constraints to new supply exist, and where new household formations are expected to out-pace multifamily permit activity over the course of the real estate cycle. Barriers-to-entry in our markets generally include a difficult and lengthy entitlement process with local jurisdictions and dense urban or suburban areas where zoned and entitled land is in limited supply. We regularly evaluate and monitor the allocation of our investments by the amount of invested capital and by product type within our individual markets, which are located in the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, Pacific Northwest, and Northern and Southern California regions of the United States. Our strategy is to more deeply penetrate these markets with a broad range of products and services, with an intense focus on our customer. A substantial majority of our current communities are upscale (commanding among the highest rents in their markets). We also pursue the ownership and operation of apartment communities that target a variety of customer segments and price points, consistent with our goal of offering a broad range of products and services. We believe that, over an entire business cycle, lower housing affordability and the limited new supply of apartment homes in our markets will result in a higher propensity to rent and larger increases in cash flows relative to other markets.

However, we believe we are at the end of a period of the business cycle where rents have been resetting to lower levels, which resulted in a decline in cash flows in recent years. A number of our markets experienced economic contraction due to job losses in 2002 and 2003, particularly in the technology, telecom and financial services sectors. This resulted in a prolonged period of weak apartment market fundamentals as reflected in declining rental rates and demand. However, the rate of decline has been diminishing, and we expect 2004 will be a year of transition where apartment fundamentals become balanced in our markets, creating a platform for future growth. In the first three months of 2004, the economy has shown signs of recovery as evidenced by stronger job growth and declining unemployment claims. Continued improvement in the economic environment should result in the stabilization of apartment market fundamentals and an improved demand and supply balance during the remainder of the year. We are beginning to experience the initial signs of improving apartment market fundamentals as reflected in increasing economic occupancy, decreasing availability of apartment homes and relatively flat

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market rents. Although we do not expect this to result in revenue growth for our current operating communities for the year, it should curtail the significant declines in revenue that those communities experienced over the last two years.

In response to transitioning apartment fundamentals, we are adjusting our business activity to position for the next expansionary cycle. We are continuing our disposition activity, although at a reduced level as compared to 2003, and are increasing our development and acquisition volume in anticipation of stronger apartment demand and in anticipation of finding communities where we will be able to use our redevelopment and operating expertise to generate high returns. However, the level of development and acquisition volume, or disposition activity, will be heavily influenced by capital and real estate market conditions, as well as apartment community demand.

Our real estate investments consist primarily of current operating apartment communities, communities in various stages of development (“Development Communities”) and Development Rights as defined below. Our current operating communities are further distinguished as Established Communities, Other Stabilized Communities, Lease-Up Communities and Redevelopment Communities. The following is a description of each category:

     Current Communities are categorized as Established, Other Stabilized, Lease-Up, or Redevelopment according to the following attributes:

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A more detailed description of our reportable segments and other related operating information can be found in Note 8, “Segment Reporting,” of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Although each of these categories is important to our business, we generally evaluate overall operating, industry and market trends based on the operating results of our Established Communities, for which a detailed discussion can be found in “Results of Operations” as part of our discussion of overall operating results. We evaluate our current and future cash needs and future operating potential based on acquisition, disposition, development, redevelopment and financing activities within Other Stabilized, Redevelopment and Development Communities, for which detailed discussions can be found in “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

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On March 31, 2004, we owned or had an ownership interest in these categories as follows:

Between April 1, 2004 and April 30, 2004 we disposed of one community containing 421 apartment homes. As of April 30, 2004 our 133 current communities consisted of 38,598 apartment homes. Of those communities, we owned:

We also hold a fee simple ownership interest in nine of the Development Communities, a membership interest in a limited liability company that owns one Development Community subject to a land lease and a general partnership interest in a partnership structured as a “DownREIT” that owns one Development Community.

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In each of our six partnerships structured as DownREITs, either AvalonBay or one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries is the general partner, and there are one or more limited partners whose interest in the partnership is represented by units of limited partnership interest. For each DownREIT partnership, limited partners are entitled to receive an initial distribution before any distribution is made to the general partner. Although the partnership agreements for each of the DownREITs are different, generally the distributions per unit paid to the holders of units of limited partnership interests have approximated our current common stock dividend amount. Each DownREIT partnership has been structured so that it is unlikely the limited partners will be entitled to a distribution greater than the initial distribution provided for in the applicable partnership agreement. The holders of units of limited partnership interest have the right to present each unit of limited partnership interest for redemption for cash equal to the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the date of redemption. In lieu of a cash redemption by the partnership, we may elect to acquire any unit presented for redemption for one share of our common stock or for such cash amount. As of April 30, 2004, there were 582,069 DownREIT partnership units outstanding. The DownREIT partnerships are consolidated for financial reporting purposes.

We elected to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for the year ended December 31, 1994 and we have not revoked that election. We were incorporated under the laws of the State of California in 1978, and we were reincorporated in the State of Maryland in July 1995. Our principal executive offices are located at 2900 Eisenhower Avenue, Suite 300, Alexandria, Virginia, 22314, and our telephone number at that location is (703) 329-6300. We also maintain regional offices and administrative or specialty offices in or near the following cities:

Recent Developments

Development and Redevelopment Activities. During the three months ended March 31, 2004, we commenced development of two communities, Avalon Orange and Avalon Danbury, both located in the Fairfield – New Haven, Connecticut area. These communities, when completed, are expected to contain an aggregate of 402 apartment homes for a total capital cost of $58,000,000.

During the three months ended March 31, 2004, we completed the development of two communities, Avalon at Steven’s Pond, located in the greater Boston, Massachusetts area, and Avalon Darien, located in the Fairfield – New Haven, Connecticut area. Avalon at Steven’s Pond is a garden-style community containing 326 apartment homes and was completed for a total capital cost of $54,300,000. Avalon Darien is a garden-style community containing 189 apartment homes and was completed for a total capital cost of $41,700,000.

Also during the three months ended March 31, 2004, we completed the redevelopment of one community, Avalon at Foxhall, a 308 apartment home community located in Washington, DC. After redevelopment, the cumulative capitalized cost for this community is approximately $44,000,000, of which $35,700,000 was incurred prior to redevelopment.

The development and redevelopment of communities involves risks that the investment will fail to perform in accordance with our expectations. See “Risks of Development and Redevelopment” for our discussion of these and other risks inherent in developing or redeveloping communities.

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Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to use judgment in the application of accounting policies, including making estimates and assumptions. If our judgment or interpretation of the facts and circumstances relating to various transactions had been different, it is possible that different accounting policies would have been applied, resulting in a different presentation of our financial statements. Below is a discussion of accounting policies that we consider critical, in that they may require complex judgment in their application or require estimates about matters which are inherently uncertain, and are critical to an understanding of our financial condition and operating results. As a REIT that owns, operates and develops apartment communities, our critical accounting policies relate to revenue recognition, cost capitalization, asset impairment evaluation and REIT status. A discussion of all of our accounting policies, including further discussion of the critical accounting policies described below, can be found in Note 1, “Organization and Significant Accounting Policies” of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Revenue Recognition

Rental income related to leases is recognized on an accrual basis when due from residents in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, “Revenue Recognition” and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 13, “Accounting for Leases.” In accordance with our standard lease terms, rental payments are generally due on a monthly basis. Any cash concessions given at the inception of the lease are amortized over the approximate life of the lease – generally one year. A discussion regarding the impact of cash concessions on rental revenue for Established Communities can be found in “Results of Operations.”

Cost Capitalization

We capitalize costs during the development of assets (including interest and related loan fees, property taxes and other direct and indirect costs) beginning when active development commences until the asset, or a portion of the asset, is delivered and is ready for its intended use, which is generally indicated by the issuance of a certificate of occupancy. We capitalize costs during redevelopment of apartment homes (including interest and related loan fees, property taxes and other direct and indirect costs) beginning when an apartment home is taken out-of-service for redevelopment until the apartment home redevelopment is completed and the apartment home is available for a new resident.

We capitalize pre-development costs incurred in pursuit of Development Rights for which we currently believe future development is probable. These costs include legal fees, design fees and related overhead costs. Future development of these Development Rights is dependent upon various factors, including zoning and regulatory approval, rental market conditions, construction costs and availability of capital. Pre-development costs incurred in the pursuit of Development Rights for which future development is not yet considered probable are expensed as incurred. In addition, if the status of a Development Right changes, deeming future development no longer probable, any capitalized pre-development costs are written-off with a charge to expense.

We generally capitalize only non-recurring expenditures. We capitalize improvements and upgrades only if the item: (i) exceeds $15,000; (ii) extends the useful life of the asset; and (iii) is not related to making an apartment home ready for the next resident. Under this policy, virtually all capitalized costs are non-recurring, as recurring make-ready costs are expensed as incurred. Recurring make-ready costs include: (i) carpet and appliance replacements; (ii) floor coverings; (iii) interior painting; and (iv) other redecorating costs. Because we expense carpet replacements, our expense levels and volatility are greatest in the third quarter of each year following our peak summer leasing period. We capitalize purchases of personal property, such as computers and furniture, only if the item is a new addition and the item exceeds $2,500. We generally expense replacements of personal property. For Established and Other Stabilized Communities, we recorded non-revenue generating capital expenditures of $46 per apartment home in the three months ended March 31, 2004 and $41 per apartment home in the three months ended March 31, 2003. The average maintenance costs charged to expense per apartment home, including carpet and

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appliance replacements, related to these communities was $318 in the three months ended March 31, 2004 and $286 in the three months ended March 31, 2003. We anticipate that capitalized costs and expensed maintenance costs per apartment home will gradually increase as the average age of our communities increases, and expensed maintenance costs will fluctuate with turnover.

Asset Impairment Evaluation

If there is an event or change in circumstance that indicates an impairment in the value of a community, our policy is to assess the impairment by making a comparison of the current and projected operating cash flows of the community over its remaining useful life, on an undiscounted basis, to the carrying amount of the community. If the carrying amount is in excess of the estimated projected operating cash flows of the community, we would recognize an impairment loss equivalent to an amount required to adjust the carrying amount to its estimated fair market value. Real estate assets held for sale are measured at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less the cost to sell.

We account for our investments in technology companies in accordance with Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 18, “The Equity Method of Accounting for Investments in Common Stock.” If there is an event or change in circumstance that indicates a loss in the value of an investment, we record the loss and reduce the value of the investment to its fair value. Due to the nature of these investments, an impairment in value can be difficult to determine.

REIT Status

A corporate REIT is a legal entity which holds real estate interests and must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that it currently distribute at least 90% of its adjusted taxable income to stockholders. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to corporate level federal income tax on taxable income we distribute currently to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income taxes at regular corporate rates (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) and may not be able to qualify as a REIT for four subsequent taxable years.

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Results of Operations

Our year-over-year operating performance is primarily affected by changes in net operating income of our current operating apartment communities due to market conditions, net operating income derived from acquisitions and development completions, the loss of net operating income related to disposed communities and capital market, disposition and financing activity. A comparison of our operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003 follows (dollars in thousands):

Net income available to common stockholders decreased $10,598,000, or 31.4%, to $23,102,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2004. This decrease is primarily attributable to gains on sales of communities in the three months ended March 31, 2003 that were not present in the three months ended March 31, 2004.

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Net operating income (“NOI”) is defined by us as total revenue less direct property operating expenses, including property taxes, and excludes corporate-level property management and other indirect operating expenses, interest income and expense, general and administrative expense, equity in income of unconsolidated entities, minority interest in consolidated partnerships, venture partner interest in profit-sharing, depreciation expense, gain on sale of communities, cumulative effect of change in accounting principle and income from discontinued operations. We believe that NOI is an important and appropriate supplemental measure to net income of the operating performance of our communities because it helps both investors and management to understand the core operations of a community or communities prior to the allocation of any corporate-level costs. This is more reflective of the operating performance of a community, and allows for an easier comparison of the operating performance of single assets or groups of assets. In addition, because prospective buyers of real estate have different overhead structures, with varying marginal impact to overhead by acquiring real estate, NOI is considered by many in the real estate industry to be a useful measure for determining the value of a real estate asset or group of assets. NOI does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP. Therefore, NOI should not be considered an alternative to net income as an indication of our performance. NOI should also not be considered an alternative to net cash flows from operating activities, as determined by GAAP, as a measure of liquidity, nor is NOI necessarily indicative of cash available to fund cash needs. A calculation of NOI for the three months ending March 31, 2004 and 2003, along with a reconciliation to net income, is provided in the preceding table.

The NOI increase of $3,740,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2004 as compared to the prior year period consists of changes in the following categories:

The NOI decrease in Established Communities was largely due to the effects of the weakened economy in many of our markets. The continued impact of historical job losses in many of our markets, in addition to strong single-family home sales, have aggravated a weak demand environment, causing market rental rates to decline in order to keep occupancies stable. However, we have experienced stronger job growth and declining unemployment claims in our markets during the three months ended March 31, 2004, suggesting the beginning of an economic recovery. Although the recent acceleration of job growth will help stabilize apartment fundamentals during the year, we expect year over year declines in our Established Communities NOI for 2004. We will continue to focus on increasing economic occupancy, and begin to test revenue growth through modest rental rate increases or reduction in concessions. In conjunction with aggressively managing operating expenses, this will allow us to help mitigate declines in NOI.

Rental and other income increased in the three months ended March 31, 2004 due to rental income generated from newly developed communities and increased occupancy, partially offset by declines in effective rental rates.

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Although rental revenue from Established Communities decreased in the three months ended March 31, 2004 as compared to the same period of 2003, we did have increases in Established Communities’ rental revenue in two regions. The Mid-Atlantic experienced an increase in rental revenue of 2.4% between periods, reflecting a significant increase in economic occupancy of 2.5% due to modest job growth, partially offset by a slight decline in average rental rates of 0.1%. In addition, in Southern California, we were able to raise average rental rates 1.3%, resulting in an increase in rental revenue of 1.0% in the three months ended March 31, 2004 as compared to the same period of 2003, despite lower economic occupancy of 0.3%.

However, our rental income from Established Communities was impacted by continued declines in average rental rates in certain Northern California and Northeast markets. Northern California, which accounted for approximately 30.2% of Established Community rental revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2004, experienced a decline in rental revenue of 5.9% in the three months ended March 31, 2004 as compared to the same period in 2003, partially related to the continued impact of historical job losses in the technology sector. Although economic occupancy in Northern California increased in the three months ended March 31, 2004 as compared to the same period of 2003, average rental rates dropped 6.1% from $1,457 to $1,368. We expect rental revenue to decline slightly in Northern California during the remainder of the year as the region approaches stabilization.

The Northeast region accounted for approximately 32.9% of Established Community rental revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2004 and experienced a decline in rental revenue of 2.3% in the three months ended March 31, 2004 as compared to the same period of 2003, primarily due to the continued impact of historical job losses in the financial services sector. Average rental rates dropped 1.8% from $1,857 to $1,824 in the three months ended March 31, 2004 as compared to the same period of 2003, and economic occupancy declined to 91.7% from 92.2% during those same periods. The Northeast region appears to be stabilizing, and we expect rental revenue declines to diminish as we continue in 2004.

In accordance with GAAP, cash concessions are amortized as an offset to rental revenue over the approximate lease term, which is generally one year. However, we consider rental revenue with concessions stated on a cash basis to be a supplemental measure to rental revenue in conformity with GAAP in helping investors to evaluate the impact of both current and historical concessions on GAAP based rental revenue and to more readily enable comparisons to revenue as reported by other companies. In addition, rental revenue with concessions stated on a cash basis allows an investor to understand the historical trend in cash concessions, which is an indicator of current rental market conditions.

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The following table reconciles total rental revenue in conformity with GAAP to total rental revenue adjusted to state concessions on a cash basis for our Established Communities for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003 (dollars in thousands). See Note 8, “Segment Reporting” of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Concessions granted per move-in for Established Communities averaged $1,020 during the three months ended March 31, 2004, an increase of 31.8% from $774 in the three months ended March 31, 2003. This increase was primarily due to weak demand/supply fundamentals in many of our markets. This high concessionary environment may continue throughout the year.

Direct property operating expenses, excluding property taxes increased in the three months ended March 31, 2004 due to the addition of recently developed and redeveloped apartment homes, coupled with increased expenses due to salary increases and leasing bonuses, as well as increased make-ready costs associated with increasing occupancy.

Property taxes increased in the three months ended March 31, 2004 as compared to the same period of 2003 due to overall higher assessments and the addition of newly developed and redeveloped apartment homes.

Corporate-level property management and other indirect operating expenses increased in the three months ended March 31, 2004 as compared to the same period of 2003 as a result of construction litigation relating to a community that has completed development and litigation and settlement costs associated with Proposition 65 signage requirements at our California communities, partially offset by a decrease in abandoned pursuit costs. Abandoned pursuit costs related to Development Rights which are not probable for future development decreased $808,000 from $1,050,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2003 to $242,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2004. Abandoned pursuit costs can be volatile, and the decreases reflected during the three months ended March 31, 2004 compared to the same period of the prior year are not expected for future periods. We expect corporate-level property management and other indirect operating expenses to increase during the year due to the costs of managing a potential discretionary investment management fund and increased legal costs relating to several ongoing lawsuits.

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Interest expense decreased in the three months ended March 31, 2004 as compared to the same period of 2003 primarily due to the repayment of certain unsecured notes and overall lower interest rates on both short-term and long-term borrowings, partially offset by higher average outstanding balances on our unsecured credit facility.

Depreciation expense increased in the three months ended March 31, 2004 as compared to the same period of 2003 primarily due to the completion of development and redevelopment activities.

General and administrative expense (“G&A”) increased in the three months ended March 31, 2004 as compared to the same period of 2003 as a result of increased expense for directors and officers (“D&O”) insurance, higher compensation expense and additional corporate governance costs, including costs relating to compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley. We expect G&A to reflect year over year increases in 2004 of 10% to 15% due to increased corporate governance and compensation costs, partially offset by a decrease in our D&O insurance resulting from our March 2004 renewal at a lower premium.

Equity in income of unconsolidated entities decreased in the three months ended March 31, 2004 as compared to the same period of 2003 primarily due to the loss of income from a community accounted for under the equity method in which we held a 50% interest, but which we sold in late 2003.

Interest income decreased in the three months ended March 31, 2004 as compared to the same period of 2003 due to lower average cash balances invested and lower interest rates. In addition, effective January 1, 2004, we consolidated an entity in which we hold a participating mortgage note due to the implementation of FASB Interpretation No. 46 (“FIN 46”), “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, and Interpretation of ARB No. 51,” as revised in December 2003. Therefore, interest income that we recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2003 is not reflected during the three months ended March 31, 2004 as such amounts were eliminated in consolidation (See Note 1, “Organization and Significant Accounting Policies,” of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.)

Venture partner interest in profit-sharing represents the income allocated to our venture partner in a profit-sharing arrangement as discussed in Note 6, “Investments in Unconsolidated Entities,” of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Fluctuations as compared to the prior period are due to changes in the net income of the underlying real estate.

Minority interest in consolidated partnerships increased during the three months ended March 31, 2004 as compared to the same period of 2003 due to the consolidation of an entity under FIN 46, as discussed above. We do not hold an equity interest in this entity, and therefore 100% of the entity’s net income or loss is recognized as minority interest in consolidated partnerships.

Income from discontinued operations represents the net income generated by communities held for sale as of March 31, 2004 and communities sold during the period from January 1, 2003 through March 31, 2004. The decrease in the three months ended March 31, 2004 as compared to the same period of 2003 is due to the sale of eleven communities in 2003.

Gain on sale of communities decreased $14,072,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2004 compared to the same period of 2003 due to the absence of asset sales in the first quarter of 2004. The amount of gains realized depends on many factors, including the number of communities sold, the size and carrying value of those communities and the market conditions in the local area. We expect to sell fewer assets in 2004 as compared to 2003, which will result in less aggregate gains on assets sold.

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle is a result of the implementation of FIN 46, discussed above, and represents the difference between the net assets consolidated under FIN 46 and the previously recorded net assets.

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Dividends attributable to preferred stock decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2004 as compared to the same period of 2003 primarily as a result of two preferred stock redemptions during 2003.

Funds from Operations attributable to common stockholders (“FFO”) is considered by management an appropriate supplemental measure of our operating and financial performance because, by excluding gains or losses related to dispositions of property and excluding real estate depreciation, which can vary among owners of identical assets in similar condition based on historical cost accounting and useful life estimates, FFO can help one compare the operating performance of a company’s real estate between periods or as compared to different companies. We believe that in order to understand our operating results, FFO should be examined with net income as presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income included elsewhere in this report.

Consistent with the definition adopted by the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts®, we calculate FFO as net income or loss computed in accordance with GAAP, adjusted for:

FFO does not represent net income in accordance with GAAP, and therefore it should not be considered an alternative to net income, which remains the primary measure, as an indication of our performance. In addition, FFO as calculated by other REITs may not be comparable to our calculation of FFO. The following is a reconciliation of net income to FFO (dollars in thousands):

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FFO also does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP, and therefore should not be considered an alternative to net cash flows from operating activities, as determined by GAAP, as a measure of liquidity. Additionally, it is not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund cash needs. A presentation of GAAP based cash flow metrics is as follows (dollars in thousands) and a discussion of “Liquidity and Capital Resources” can be found below.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The primary source of liquidity is our cash flows from operations. Operating cash flows have historically been determined by: (i) the number of apartment homes currently owned, (ii) rental rates, (iii) occupancy levels and (iv) operating expenses with respect to apartment homes. The timing, source and amount of cash flows provided by financing activities and used in investing activities are sensitive to the capital markets environment, particularly to changes in interest rates. Changes in the capital markets environment, such as changes in interest rates or the availability of cost-effective capital, affect our plans for development, redevelopment, acquisition and disposition activity.

We regularly review our liquidity needs, the adequacy of cash flow from operations, and other expected liquidity sources to meet these needs. We believe our principal short-term liquidity needs are to fund:

We anticipate that we can fully satisfy these needs from a combination of cash flows provided by operating activities, proceeds from asset dispositions and borrowing capacity under our variable rate unsecured credit facility.

Cash and cash equivalents totaled $346,000 at March 31, 2004, a decrease of $6,819,000 from $7,165,000 on December 31, 2003. The following discussion relates to changes in cash due to operating, investing and financing activities, which are presented in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows included elsewhere in this report.

Operating Activities — Net cash provided by operating activities decreased to $50,717,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2004 from $55,034,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2003, primarily due to changes in NOI from Established Communities and the loss of NOI from the eleven communities sold in 2003, partially offset by additional NOI from recently developed communities as discussed earlier in this report.

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Investing Activities — Net cash used in investing activities of $55,007,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2004 related to investments in assets through development and redevelopment of apartment communities. During the three months ended March 31, 2004, we invested $54,053,000 in the purchase and development of real estate and capital expenditures:

Financing Activities — Net cash used in financing activities totaled $2,529,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2004, primarily due to the repayment of certain unsecured notes and dividends paid, partially offset by an increase in borrowings under our unsecured credit facility. See Note 3, “Notes Payable, Unsecured Notes and Credit Facility,” of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.

Variable Rate Unsecured Credit Facility

We have a $500,000,000 revolving variable rate unsecured credit facility with JPMorgan Chase Bank and Bank of America, N.A. serving as co-agents for a syndicate of commercial banks. Under the terms of the credit facility, if we elect to increase the facility by up to an additional $150,000,000, and one or more banks (from the syndicate or otherwise) voluntarily agree to provide the additional commitment, then we will be able to increase the facility up to $650,000,000, and no member of the syndicate of banks can prohibit such increase; such an increase in the facility will only be effective to the extent banks (from the syndicate or otherwise) choose to commit to lend additional funds. We pay participating banks, in the aggregate, an annual facility fee of approximately $750,000 in quarterly installments. The unsecured credit facility bears interest at varying levels based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), rating levels achieved on our unsecured notes and on a maturity schedule selected by us. The current stated pricing is LIBOR plus 0.60% per annum (1.70% on April 30, 2004). Pricing could vary if there is a change in rating by either of the two leading national rating agencies; a change in rating of one level would impact the unsecured credit facility pricing by 0.05% to 0.15%. A competitive bid option is available for borrowings of up to $400,000,000. This option allows banks that are part of the lender consortium to bid to provide us loans at a rate that is lower than the stated pricing provided by the unsecured credit facility. The competitive bid option may result in lower pricing if market conditions allow. We had $100,000,000 outstanding under this competitive bid option at April 30, 2004 priced at LIBOR plus 0.39%, or 1.42%. We are subject to (i) certain customary covenants under the unsecured credit facility, including, but not limited to, maintaining certain maximum leverage ratios, a minimum fixed charges coverage ratio and minimum unencumbered assets and equity levels, and (ii) prohibitions on paying dividends in amounts that exceed 95% of our FFO, except as may be required to maintain our REIT status. The existing facility matures on May 23, 2004, unless we exercise a one-year renewal at our option. We expect to refinance this facility prior to maturity without exercising the renewal option. Although renegotiations have begun, there can be no assurance that the refinancing will occur. At April 30, 2004, $153,000,000 was outstanding, $22,610,000 was used to provide letters of credit and $324,390,000 was available for borrowing under the unsecured credit facility.

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Future Financing and Capital Needs – Debt Maturities

One of our principal long-term liquidity needs is the repayment of medium and long-term debt at the time that such debt matures. For unsecured notes, we anticipate that no significant portion of the principal of these notes will be repaid prior to maturity. If we do not have funds on hand sufficient to repay our indebtedness as it becomes due, it will be necessary for us to refinance the debt. This refinancing may be accomplished by uncollateralized private or public debt offerings, additional debt financing that is collateralized by mortgages on individual communities or groups of communities, draws on our unsecured credit facility or by additional equity offerings. Although we believe we will have the capacity to meet our long-term liquidity needs, we cannot assure you that additional debt financing or debt or equity offerings will be available or, if available, that they will be on terms we consider satisfactory.

In February 2004, $125,000,000 in unsecured notes with an annual interest rate of 6.58% matured and was repaid with proceeds drawn under our unsecured credit facility. In addition, we repaid $11,381,000 in fixed rate mortgage debt secured by a current community, along with any unpaid interest, prior to its scheduled maturity of August 2004. No prepayment penalties were incurred.

Also in February 2004, the credit enhancements, including Hedged Derivatives in the form of interest rate swaps, on approximately $87,000,000 of our variable rate, tax-exempt debt expired according to their original terms and were not extended. This $87,000,000 of variable rate, tax-exempt debt now floats at an average coupon interest rate of 1.6% as of April 30, 2004. New Hedged Derivatives in the form of interest rate protection agreements are currently in place on the $87,000,000 of variable rate, tax-exempt debt, which serve to effectively limit the level to which interest rates can rise to a range of 6.7% to 9.0%. The interest rate protection agreements mature in 2007 and the credit enhancements mature in 2014.

In April 2004, we issued $150,000,000 in unsecured notes under our existing shelf registration statement at an annual interest rate of 5.375%. Interest on these notes is payable semi-annually on April 15 and October 15, and the unsecured notes will mature in April 2014. The net proceeds from this issuance of debt were used to reduce indebtedness under our unsecured credit facility and for general corporate purposes.

In May 2004, we repaid $12,870,000 in fixed rate mortgage debt secured by a current community, along with any unpaid interest, pursuant to its scheduled maturity.

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The following table details debt maturities for the next five years, excluding our unsecured credit facility, for debt outstanding at March 31, 2004 (dollars in thousands):