Form: 10-Q

Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

August 9, 2006

 

 
 
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2006
Commission file number 1-12672
AVALONBAY COMMUNITIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
     
Maryland   77-0404318
(State or other jurisdiction of   (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)   Identification No.)
2900 Eisenhower Avenue, Suite 300
Alexandria, Virginia 22314
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(703) 329-6300
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
(Former name, if changed since last report)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes þ       No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer þ       Accelerated filer o       Non-accelerated filer o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o       No þ
APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date:
74,430,871 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, were outstanding as of July 31, 2006
 
 

 


 

AVALONBAY COMMUNITIES, INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
         
        Page
Item 1.
  Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements    
 
       
 
  Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2006 (unaudited) and    
 
  December 31, 2005   1
 
       
 
  Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income    
 
  (unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005   2
 
       
 
  Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the three and six    
 
  months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005   3-4
 
       
 
  Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)   5-22
 
       
Item 2.
  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of    
 
  Operations   23-48
 
       
Item 3.
  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk   49
 
       
Item 4.
  Controls and Procedures   49
 
       
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
   
 
       
Item 1.
  Legal Proceedings   49
 
       
Item 1a.
  Risk Factors   50
 
       
Item 2.
  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds   51
 
       
Item 3.
  Defaults Upon Senior Securities   51
 
       
Item 4.
  Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders   51
 
       
Item 5.
  Other Information   52
 
       
Item 6.
  Exhibits   53-54
 
       
SIGNATURES   55

 


 

AVALONBAY COMMUNITIES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
                 
    6-30-06     12-31-05  
    (unaudited)          
ASSETS
               
Real estate:
               
Land
  $ 895,105     $ 882,874  
Buildings and improvements
    4,346,979       4,288,168  
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
    136,051       133,192  
 
           
 
    5,378,135       5,304,234  
Less accumulated depreciation
    (1,018,627 )     (938,297 )
 
           
Net operating real estate
    4,359,508       4,365,937  
Construction in progress, including land
    486,925       317,823  
Land held for development
    208,810       179,739  
Operating real estate assets held for sale, net
    —       82,289  
 
           
Total real estate, net
    5,055,243       4,945,788  
 
               
Cash and cash equivalents
    12,780       6,106  
Cash in escrow
    30,569       48,266  
Resident security deposits
    27,317       26,290  
Investments in unconsolidated real estate entities
    50,671       41,942  
Deferred financing costs, net
    16,465       17,976  
Deferred development costs
    30,625       31,467  
Prepaid expenses and other assets
    48,770       47,225  
 
           
Total assets
  $ 5,272,440     $ 5,165,060  
 
           
 
               
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
               
Unsecured notes
  $ 1,805,214     $ 1,809,182  
Variable rate unsecured credit facility
    6,000       66,800  
Mortgage notes payable
    528,837       490,582  
Dividends payable
    60,220       54,476  
Payables for construction
    44,474       28,203  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
    108,720       82,564  
Accrued interest payable
    34,482       34,649  
Resident security deposits
    37,962       35,640  
Liabilities related to real estate assets held for sale
    —       1,837  
 
           
Total liabilities
    2,625,909       2,603,933  
 
           
 
               
Minority interest of unitholders in consolidated partnerships
    5,483       19,464  
 
               
Commitments and contingencies
               
 
               
Stockholders’ equity:
               
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; $25 liquidation preference; 50,000,000 shares authorized at both June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005; 4,000,000 shares issued and outstanding at both June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005
    40       40  
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 140,000,000 shares authorized at both June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005; 74,415,977 and 73,663,048 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively
    744       737  
Additional paid-in capital
    2,465,362       2,429,568  
Accumulated earnings less dividends
    178,187       115,788  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (3,285 )     (4,470 )
 
           
Total stockholders’ equity
    2,641,048       2,541,663  
 
           
 
               
 
           
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 5,272,440     $ 5,165,060  
 
           
See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

1


 

AVALONBAY COMMUNITIES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
                                 
    For the three months ended     For the six months ended  
    6-30-06     6-30-05     6-30-06     6-30-05  
Revenue:
                               
Rental and other income
  $ 179,280     $ 164,289     $ 353,232     $ 325,165  
Management, development and other fees
    1,395       1,363       2,601       1,796  
 
                       
Total revenue
    180,675       165,652       355,833       326,961  
 
                       
Expenses:
                               
Operating expenses, excluding property taxes
    51,665       46,146       100,736       90,951  
Property taxes
    16,871       16,171       33,775       32,222  
Interest expense, net
    26,595       32,112       55,259       64,232  
Depreciation expense
    41,238       39,377       81,153       78,693  
General and administrative expense
    6,479       6,262       12,762       13,421  
 
                       
Total expenses
    142,848       140,068       283,685       279,519  
 
                       
 
                               
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities
    207       178       434       6,761  
Minority interest in consolidated partnerships
    (128 )     (337 )     (260 )     (851 )
Gain on sale of land
    —       4,617       13,166       4,617  
 
                       
Income from continuing operations
    37,906       30,042       85,488       57,969  
 
                       
Discontinued operations:
                               
Income from discontinued operations
    71       4,222       1,147       8,291  
Gain on sale of communities
    31,992       22,647       97,411       60,261  
 
                       
Total discontinued operations
    32,063       26,869       98,558       68,552  
 
                       
 
Net income
    69,969       56,911       184,046       126,521  
Dividends attributable to preferred stock
    (2,175 )     (2,175 )     (4,350 )     (4,350 )
 
                       
Net income available to common stockholders
  $ 67,794     $ 54,736     $ 179,696     $ 122,171  
 
                       
Other comprehensive income:
                               
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges
    644       (354 )     1,185       946  
 
                       
Comprehensive income
  $ 68,438     $ 54,382     $ 180,881     $ 123,117  
 
                       
 
                               
Dividends declared per common share
  $ 0.78     $ 0.71     $ 1.56     $ 1.42  
 
                               
Earnings per common share — basic:
                               
Income from continuing operations (net of dividends attributable to preferred stock)
  $ 0.48     $ 0.38     $ 1.10     $ 0.74  
Discontinued operations
    0.43       0.37       1.33       0.94  
 
                       
 
                               
Net income available to common stockholders
  $ 0.91     $ 0.75     $ 2.43     $ 1.68  
 
                       
 
                               
Earnings per common share — diluted:
                               
Income from continuing operations
                               
(net of dividends attributable to preferred stock)
  $ 0.47     $ 0.38     $ 1.08     $ 0.73  
Discontinued operations
    0.43       0.36       1.31       0.92  
 
                       
 
                               
Net income available to common stockholders
  $ 0.90     $ 0.74     $ 2.39     $ 1.65  
 
                       
See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

2


 

AVALONBAY COMMUNITIES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)
                 
    For the six months ended  
    6-30-06     6-30-05  
Cash flows from operating activities:
               
Net income
  $ 184,046     $ 126,521  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
               
Depreciation expense, including discontinued operations
    81,153       81,308  
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt premium/discount
    2,076       1,944  
Amortization of deferred compensation
    8,201       4,503  
Income allocated to minority interest in consolidated partnerships including discontinued operations
    260       851  
Gain on sale of real estate assets
    (110,577 )     (64,878 )
Gain on sale of technology investment
    —       (6,252 )
Increase in cash in operating escrows
    (1,875 )     (2,033 )
Increase in resident security deposits, prepaid expenses and other assets
    (250 )     (1,845 )
Increase in accrued expenses, other liabilities and accrued interest payable
    21,972       4,650  
 
           
Net cash provided by operating activities
    185,006       144,769  
 
           
 
               
Cash flows from investing activities:
               
Development/redevelopment of real estate assets including land acquisitions and deferred development costs
    (308,325 )     (187,465 )
Acquisition of real estate assets, including partner equity interest
    —       (57,415 )
Capital expenditures — existing real estate assets
    (7,701 )     (7,960 )
Capital expenditures — non-real estate assets
    (225 )     (946 )
Proceeds from sale of communities and technology investment, including reimbursement for Fund and joint venture communities, net of selling costs
    237,270       232,291  
Increase (decrease) in payables for construction
    16,271       (2,694 )
Decrease in cash in construction escrows
    19,572       563  
Increase in investments in unconsolidated real estate entities
    (8,885 )     (13,074 )
 
           
Net cash used in investing activities
    (52,023 )     (36,700 )
 
           
 
               
Cash flows from financing activities:
               
Issuance of common stock
    15,651       21,251  
Dividends paid
    (114,542 )     (106,854 )
Net borrowings (repayments) under unsecured credit facility
    (60,800 )     54,000  
Issuance of mortgage notes payable and draws on construction loans
    41,405       16,596  
Repayments of mortgage notes payable
    (3,150 )     (39,679 )
Repayment of unsecured notes
    (4,000 )     (50,000 )
Payment of deferred financing costs
    (533 )     (1,304 )
Redemption of units for cash by minority partners
    (80 )     (50 )
Distributions to DownREIT partnership unitholders
    (198 )     (611 )
Distributions to joint venture and profit-sharing partners
    (62 )     (67 )
 
           
Net cash used in financing activities
    (126,309 )     (106,718 )
 
           
 
               
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
    6,674       1,351  
 
               
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
    6,106       1,526  
 
           
 
               
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
  $ 12,780     $ 2,877  
 
           
 
               
Cash paid during period for interest, net of amount capitalized
  $ 52,671     $ 63,317  
 
           
See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3


 

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities (dollars in thousands):
During the six months ended June 30, 2006:
  •   As described in Note 4, “Stockholders’ Equity,” 122,172 shares of common stock valued at $12,368 were issued in connection with stock grants, 943 shares valued at $94 were issued through the Company’s dividend reinvestment plan and 45,267 shares valued at $3,365 were withheld to satisfy employees’ tax withholding and other liabilities, for a net value of $9,097. In addition, the Company granted 862,613 options for common stock, net of forfeitures, at a value of $9,863.
 
  •   301,298 units of limited partnership, valued at $13,953, were presented for redemption to the DownREIT partnerships that issued such units and were acquired by the Company in exchange for an equal number of shares of the Company’s common stock.
 
  •   The Company recorded a decrease to other liabilities and a corresponding gain to other comprehensive income of $1,185 to adjust the Company’s Hedged Derivatives (as defined in Note 5, “Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”) to their fair value.
 
  •   Common and preferred dividends declared but not paid totaled $60,220.
During the six months ended June 30, 2005:
  •   163,792 shares of common stock were issued in connection with stock grants, 738 shares were issued through the Company’s dividend reinvestment plan, 45,243 shares were withheld to satisfy employees’ tax withholding and other liabilities and 3,925 shares were forfeited, for a net value of $9,076. In addition, the Company granted 720,059 options for common stock at a value of $4,600.
 
  •   33,102 units of limited partnership, valued at $1,445, were presented for redemption to the DownREIT partnerships that issued such units and were acquired by the Company in exchange for an equal number of shares of the Company’s common stock.
 
  •   The Company deconsolidated mortgage notes payable in the aggregate amount of $24,869 upon admittance of outside investors into a previously consolidated discretionary investment fund. See Note 6, “Investments in Unconsolidated Entities.”
 
  •   The Company assumed fixed rate debt of $4,566 in connection with the acquisition of an improved land parcel.
 
  •   The Company recorded a decrease to other liabilities and a corresponding gain to other comprehensive income of $946 to adjust the Company’s Hedged Derivatives to their fair value.
 
  •   Common and preferred dividends declared but not paid totaled $54,204.

4


 

AVALONBAY COMMUNITIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
1. Organization and Significant Accounting Policies
Organization
AvalonBay Communities, Inc. (the “Company,” which term, unless the context otherwise requires, refers to AvalonBay Communities, Inc. together with its subsidiaries) is a Maryland corporation that has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The Company focuses on the ownership and operation of apartment communities in high barrier-to-entry markets of the United States. These markets are located in the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, Pacific Northwest, and Northern and Southern California regions of the country.
At June 30, 2006, the Company owned or held a direct or indirect ownership or economic interest in 143 operating apartment communities containing 41,485 apartment homes in ten states and the District of Columbia, of which three communities containing 1,573 apartment homes were under reconstruction. In addition, the Company owned or held a direct or indirect ownership interest in 17 communities under construction that are expected to contain an aggregate of 5,419 apartment homes when completed. The Company also owned or held a direct or indirect ownership interest in rights to develop an additional 49 communities that, if developed in the manner expected, will contain an estimated 11,996 apartment homes.
During the three months ended June 30, 2006:
  •   The Company sold one community, Avalon Corners, located in Stamford, Connecticut. Avalon Corners contained 195 apartment homes and was sold for a sales price of $60,200. The sale of this community resulted in a gain as reported in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) of $31,992.
 
  •   The Company completed the development of one community, Avalon Pines II, located in Coram, New York. Avalon Pines II is a garden-style community containing 152 apartment homes and was completed for a total capitalized cost of $25,100. Avalon Pines II is the second phase of a multi-phase apartment community containing an aggregate of 450 apartment homes that were completed for a total capitalized cost of $73,200.
 
  •   The Company commenced construction of two communities, Avalon at Dublin Station I, a mid-rise community located at the BART station in Dublin, California and Avalon at Lexington Hills, a garden-style community located in Lexington, Massachusetts. These two communities are expected to contain an aggregate of 692 apartment homes when completed for a total projected capitalized cost of $172,000.
 
  •   The Company completed the redevelopment of Avalon at Fairway Hills III, located in Columbia, Maryland. The redevelopment of Avalon at Fairway Hills III, a garden-style community containing 336 apartment homes, was completed for a total capitalized cost of $6,000, excluding costs incurred prior to the start of redevelopment.
 
  •   The Company purchased four parcels of land for a total purchase price of $39,665. These land parcels are located in Irvine, California, Lexington, Massachusetts, Coram, New York and Hingham, Massachusetts.
 
  •   AvalonBay Value Added Fund, L.P. (the “Fund”), the private, discretionary investment vehicle in which the Company holds an equity interest of approximately 15%, acquired one community, completed redevelopment of one community and commenced redevelopment of one community. See Note 6, “Investments in Unconsolidated Entities.”

5


 

The interim unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and in conjunction with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements required by GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 and the Company’s quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for subsequent quarters. The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2006 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year. Management believes the disclosures are adequate to ensure the information presented is not misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments and eliminations, consisting only of normal, recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial statements for the interim periods, have been included.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned partnerships, certain joint venture partnerships, subsidiary partnerships structured as DownREITs and any variable interest entities consolidated under FIN 46, as discussed below. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The Company assesses consolidation of variable interest entities under the guidance of FASB Interpretation No. 46 (“FIN 46”), “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an Interpretation of ARB No. 51,” as revised in December 2003. The Company accounts for joint venture entities and subsidiary partnerships, including those structured as DownREITs, that are not variable interest entities, in accordance with EITF Issue No. 04-5, “Determining Whether a General Partner, or the General Partners as a Group, Controls a Limited Partnership or Similar Entity When the Limited Partners Have Certain Rights.” Under EITF Issue No. 04-5, the general partner in a limited partnership is presumed to control that limited partnership, unless that presumption is overcome by the limited partners having either: (i) the substantive ability, either by a single limited partner or through a simple majority vote, to dissolve the limited partnership or otherwise remove the general partner without cause; or (ii) substantive participating rights.
In each of the partnerships structured as DownREITs, either the Company or one of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries is the general partner, and there are one or more limited partners whose interest in the partnership is represented by units of limited partnership interest. For each DownREIT partnership, limited partners are entitled to receive an initial distribution before any distribution is made to the general partner. Although the partnership agreements for each of the DownREITs are different, generally the distributions per unit paid to the holders of units of limited partnership interests have approximated the Company’s current common stock dividend per share. Each DownREIT partnership has been structured so that it is unlikely the limited partners will be entitled to a distribution greater than the initial distribution provided for in the partnership agreement. The holders of units of limited partnership interest have the right to present all or some of their units for redemption for a cash amount as determined by the applicable partnership agreement and based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock. In lieu of a cash redemption, the Company may elect to acquire such units for an equal number of shares of the Company’s common stock.
Revenue and Gain Recognition
Rental income related to leases is recognized on an accrual basis when due from residents in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, “Revenue Recognition” and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 13, “Accounting for Leases.” In accordance with the Company’s standard lease terms, rental payments are generally due on a monthly basis. Any cash concessions given at the inception of the lease are amortized over the approximate life of the lease, which is generally one year. The Company accounts for sales of real estate assets and the related gain recognition in accordance with SFAS No. 66, “Accounting for Sales of Real Estate.”

6


 

Real Estate
Significant expenditures which improve or extend the life of an asset are capitalized. The operating real estate assets are stated at cost and consist of land, buildings and improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment, and other costs incurred during their development, redevelopment and acquisition. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred.
The Company’s policy with respect to capital expenditures is generally to capitalize only non-recurring expenditures. Improvements and upgrades are capitalized only if the item exceeds $15, extends the useful life of the asset and is not related to making an apartment home ready for the next resident. Purchases of personal property, such as computers and furniture, are capitalized only if the item is a new addition and exceeds $2.5. The Company generally expenses purchases of personal property made for replacement purposes.
The capitalization of costs during the development of assets (including interest and related loan fees, property taxes and other direct and indirect costs) begins when development efforts commence and ends when the asset, or a portion of an asset, is delivered and is ready for its intended use, which is generally indicated by the issuance of a certificate of occupancy. Cost capitalization during redevelopment of apartment homes (including interest and related loan fees, property taxes and other direct and indirect costs) begins when an apartment home is taken out-of-service for redevelopment and ends when the apartment home redevelopment is completed and the apartment home is available for a new resident. Rental income and operating costs incurred during the initial lease-up or post-redevelopment lease-up period are fully recognized as they accrue.
In accordance with SFAS No. 67, “Accounting for Costs and Initial Rental Operations of Real Estate Projects,” the Company capitalizes pre-development costs incurred in pursuit of new development opportunities for which the Company currently believes future development is probable (“Development Rights”). Future development of these Development Rights is dependent upon various factors, including zoning and regulatory approval, rental market conditions, construction costs and availability of capital. Pre-development costs incurred in the pursuit of Development Rights for which future development is not yet considered probable are expensed as incurred. In addition, if the status of a Development Right changes, deeming future development no longer probable, any capitalized pre-development costs are written-off with a charge to expense. The Company expensed costs related to abandoned pursuits, which include costs incurred on Development Rights not yet considered probable, as well as the abandonment or impairment of Development Rights, acquisition pursuits and disposition pursuits, in the amounts of $1,043 and $146 for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and $1,365 and $366 for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. These costs are included in operating expenses, excluding property taxes on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income. Abandoned pursuit costs can be volatile, and the costs incurred in any given period may be widely different in future years.
The Company owns land improved with office buildings and industrial space occupied by unrelated third-parties in connection with five Development Rights. The Company intends to manage the current improvements until such time as all tenant obligations have been satisfied or eliminated through negotiation, and construction of new apartment communities is ready to begin. As provided under the guidance of SFAS No. 67, the revenue from incidental operations received from the current improvements in excess of any incremental costs are being recorded as a reduction of total capitalized costs of the Development Right and not as part of net income.
In connection with the acquisition of an operating community, the Company performs a valuation and allocation to each asset and liability acquired in such transaction, based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition in accordance with SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations.” The purchase price allocations to tangible assets, such as land, buildings and improvements, and furniture, fixtures and equipment, are reflected in real estate assets and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Any purchase price allocation to intangible assets, such as in-place leases, is included in prepaid expenses and

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other assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and is amortized over the average remaining lease term of the acquired leases. The fair value of acquired in-place leases is determined based on the estimated cost to replace such leases, including foregone rents during an assumed re-lease period, as well as the impact on projected cash flow of acquired leases with leased rents above or below current market rents.
Depreciation is calculated on buildings and improvements using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range from seven to thirty years. Furniture, fixtures and equipment are generally depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range from three years (primarily computer-related equipment) to seven years.
If there is an event or change in circumstance that indicates an impairment in the value of an operating community, the Company’s policy is to assess any impairment in value by making a comparison of the current and projected operating cash flow of the community over its remaining useful life, on an undiscounted basis, to the carrying amount of the community. If the carrying amount is in excess of the estimated projected operating cash flow of the community, the Company would recognize an impairment loss equivalent to an amount required to adjust the carrying amount to its estimated fair market value. The Company did not recognize an impairment loss on any of its operating communities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 or 2005.
Deferred Financing Costs
Deferred financing costs include fees and costs incurred to obtain debt financing and are amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the effective interest method, over the shorter of the term of the loan or the related credit enhancement facility, if applicable. Unamortized financing costs are written-off when debt is retired before the maturity date. Accumulated amortization of deferred financing costs was $18,118 at June 30, 2006 and $16,074 at December 31, 2005.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Cash in Escrow
Cash and cash equivalents include all cash and liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less from the date acquired. The majority of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and cash in escrows is held at major commercial banks.
Interest Rate Contracts
The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk and has designated these financial instruments as hedges under the guidance of SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” and SFAS No. 138, “Accounting for Certain Instruments and Certain Hedging Activities, an Amendment of Statement No. 133.” For fair value hedge transactions, changes in the fair value of the derivative instrument and changes in the fair value of the hedged item due to the risk being hedged are recognized in current period earnings. For cash flow hedge transactions, changes in the fair value of the derivative instrument are reported in other comprehensive income. For cash flow hedges where the changes in the fair value of the derivative exceed the change in fair value of the hedged item, the ineffective portion is recognized in current period earnings. Derivatives which are not part of a hedge relationship are recorded at fair value through earnings. As of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the Company had approximately $265,000 and $233,000, respectively, in variable rate debt subject to cash flow hedges. See Note 5, “Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.”

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Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income, as reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income, is defined as all changes in equity during each period except for those resulting from investments by or distributions to shareholders. Accumulated other comprehensive loss as reflected in Note 4, “Stockholders’ Equity,” reflects the changes in the fair value of effective cash flow hedges.
Earnings per Common Share
In accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 128, “Earnings per Share,” basic earnings per share is computed by dividing earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Other potentially dilutive common shares, and the related impact to earnings, are considered when calculating earnings per share on a diluted basis. The Company’s earnings per common share are determined as follows:
                                 
    For the three months ended     For the six months ended  
    6-30-06     6-30-05     6-30-06     6-30-05  
Basic and diluted shares outstanding
                               
Weighted average common shares — basic
    74,100,800       72,786,719       73,950,147       72,640,134  
Weighted average DownREIT units outstanding
    152,221       477,970       194,662       487,913  
Effect of dilutive securities
    1,108,890       1,324,547       1,141,137       1,289,458  
 
                       
Weighted average common shares — diluted
    75,361,911       74,589,236       75,285,946       74,417,505  
 
                       
Calculation of Earnings per Share — basic
                               
Net income available to common stockholders
  $ 67,794     $ 54,736     $ 179,696     $ 122,171  
 
                       
Weighted average common shares — basic
    74,100,800       72,786,719       73,950,147       72,640,134  
 
                       
Earnings per common share — basic
  $ 0.91     $ 0.75     $ 2.43     $ 1.68  
 
                       
Calculation of Earnings per Share — diluted
                               
Net income available to common stockholders
  $ 67,794     $ 54,736     $ 179,696     $ 122,171  
Add: Minority interest of DownREIT unitholders in consolidated partnerships, including discontinued operations
    99       303       198       780  
 
                       
Adjusted net income available to common stockholders
  $ 67,893     $ 55,039     $ 179,894     $ 122,951  
 
                       
Weighted average common shares — diluted
    75,361,911       74,589,236       75,285,946       74,417,505  
 
                       
Earnings per common share — diluted
  $ 0.90     $ 0.74     $ 2.39     $ 1.65  
 
                       
Employee options to purchase shares of common stock in the amount of 862,613 were outstanding during the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because in applying the treasury stock method under the provisions of SFAS 123(R), as discussed below, such options are anti-dilutive. Employee options to purchase shares of common stock of 0 and 16,267 were outstanding during the three and six months ended June 30, 2005, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the options’ exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the common shares for the period and therefore, are anti-dilutive.
Stock-Based Compensation
Effective January 1, 2003, the Company adopted the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” as amended by SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation — Transition and Disclosure — an amendment of FASB Statement No. 123,” prospectively to all employee awards granted, modified, or settled on or after January 1, 2003. Awards under the Company’s stock option plans vest over a three-year period. Therefore, the cost related to stock-based employee compensation for employee stock options included in the determination of net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 is the same as the cost that would have been recognized if the fair value based

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method had been applied to all awards since the original effective date of SFAS No. 123. However, the cost related to stock-based employee compensation for stock options for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 is less than that which would have been recognized if the fair value based method had been applied to all awards since the original effective date of SFAS No. 123. If the fair value based method had been applied to all outstanding and unvested awards in the three and six months ended June 30, 2005, net income would have been $4 and $104 lower in the three and six months ended June 30, 2005, respectively. There would not have been any impact on earnings per common share — diluted during either the three or six months ended June 30, 2005.
The Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R), “Share Based Payment,” using the modified prospective transition method on January 1, 2006. The adoption of SFAS No. 123(R) did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. However, the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R) changed the service period for, and timing of, the recognition of compensation cost related to retirement eligibility, which will generally result in accelerated expense recognition by the Company for its stock-based compensation programs. The Company previously recorded compensation cost over the vesting period, regardless of eligibility for retirement. If the Company had recorded compensation cost based on retirement eligibility, the increase to compensation cost during the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 would not have been material.
Legal and Other Contingencies
The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. These matters are frequently covered by insurance. If it has been determined that a loss is probable to occur, the estimated amount of the loss is recorded in the financial statements. While the resolution of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes the final outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on the financial position or results of operations of the Company.
The Company is currently involved in construction litigation with a general contractor and a surety bond provider related to a community that has since completed development. A non-jury trial ended in April 2004, and in May 2004, the court issued a ruling, finding that these parties were liable to the Company for consequential damages due to breach of contract and other failures to perform. The court issued a ruling in October 2004, awarding the Company approximately $1,250 plus interest. In September 2005, the Company filed an appeal to seek an increase in the damage award and the general contractor and surety has filed an appeal seeking a reduction. There is no guarantee that a higher, or any, damage award, will be received by the Company after all appeals are filed and a final ruling is provided.
The Company is currently involved in a lawsuit regarding the handling of security deposits in California. The lawsuit alleges that the amounts withheld by the Company from security deposits at the end of tenancies exceeded the Company’s actual damages. The Company has agreed with the plaintiff on the terms of a settlement with the purported class. The settlement terms have been approved by the court, the settlement has been substantially implemented and the Company expects that the court will dismiss the case in the near future. The Company has paid or accrued for all costs it expects to incur in connection with this settlement.
In September 2005, the Equal Rights Center, an advocacy group for the disabled, filed a lawsuit against the Company alleging that communities constructed by the Company violate the accessibility requirements of the Fair Housing Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act. The lawsuit seeks monetary damages as well as injunctive relief, such as modifications to existing assets. Due to the preliminary nature of the litigation, the Company cannot predict or determine the outcome of this lawsuit, nor is it reasonably possible to estimate the amount of loss, if any, that would be associated with an adverse decision.

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The Company recently determined that contaminated soil from imported fill was delivered to the Avalon Lyndhurst development site, located in Lyndhurst, New Jersey, by third parties. The contaminants exceeded allowable levels for residential use under New Jersey state and local regulations, and the Company is in the process of removing the previously imported fill soil. As a result, the Company estimates that the cost to complete construction of this community, including indirect costs associated with construction delays, may increase by approximately $10,000 as compared to the original construction budget. The Company is pursuing the recovery of these additional costs through its insurance as well as the third parties involved, but no assurance can be given as to the amount or timing of reimbursements to the Company. The Company will record these incremental costs as they are incurred, and potential recoveries as they become certain or are received. Although the estimated costs to complete construction of this community exceed the original construction budget, the Company does not expect that, upon completion, there will be an impairment in value of this asset which would require a write down in the carrying value. The Company will update this assessment based on changes in circumstances or market conditions.
Discontinued Operations
The Company follows SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” which requires that the assets and liabilities and the results of operations of any communities which have been sold, or otherwise qualify as held for sale, be presented as discontinued operations in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in both current and prior years presented. The community specific components of net income that are presented as discontinued operations include net operating income, depreciation expense, minority interest expense and interest expense, net. In addition, the net gain or loss (including any impairment loss) on the eventual disposal of communities held for sale will be presented as discontinued operations when recognized. A change in presentation for discontinued operations will not have any impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. Real estate assets held for sale are measured at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less the cost to sell, and are presented separately in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Subsequent to classification of a community as held for sale, no further depreciation is recorded. The Company combines the operating, investing and financing portions of cash flows attributable to discontinued operations with the respective cash flows from continuing operations on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ratified the consensus in EITF Issue No. 06-2, “Accounting for Sabbatical Leave and Other Similar Benefits Pursuant to FASB Statement No. 43,” which addresses the accounting for compensated absences known as a sabbatical leave. EITF Issue No. 06-2 is effective for all fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The adoption of EITF Issue No. 06-2 will not have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP in the United States requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

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Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to amounts in prior period’s financial statements to conform with current period presentations.
2. Interest Capitalized
Capitalized interest associated with communities under development or redevelopment totaled $11,205 and $6,036 for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and $19,569 and $11,698 for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
3. Notes Payable, Unsecured Notes and Credit Facility
The Company’s mortgage notes payable, unsecured notes and variable rate unsecured credit facility as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005 are summarized as follows:
                 
    6-30-06     12-31-05  
Fixed rate unsecured notes (1)
  $ 1,805,214     $ 1,809,182  
Fixed rate mortgage notes payable — conventional and tax-exempt
    236,693       239,025  
Variable rate mortgage notes payable — conventional and tax-exempt
    252,192       219,010  
 
           
Total notes payable and unsecured notes
    2,294,099       2,267,217  
 
Variable rate secured short-term debt
    39,952       32,547  
Variable rate unsecured credit facility
    6,000       66,800  
 
           
Total mortgage notes payable, unsecured notes and unsecured credit facility
  $ 2,340,051     $ 2,366,564  
 
           
 
(1)   Balances at June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005 are net of $786 and $818 of debt discount, respectively, related to the issuance of unsecured notes.
During the six months ended June 30, 2006, the Company issued $34,000 in variable rate mortgage debt maturing in April 2011. In the aggregate, secured notes payable mature at various dates from September 2007 through April 2043 and are secured by certain apartment communities (with a net carrying value of $740,211 as of June 30, 2006). As of June 30, 2006, the Company has guaranteed approximately $108,000 of mortgage notes payable held by wholly-owned subsidiaries; all such mortgage notes payable are consolidated for financial reporting purposes. The weighted average interest rate of the Company’s fixed rate mortgage notes payable (conventional and tax-exempt) was 6.8% at June 30, 2006 and at December 31, 2005. The weighted average interest rate of the Company’s variable rate mortgage notes payable and its unsecured credit facility (as discussed on the following page), including the effect of certain financing related fees, was 6.3% at June 30, 2006 and 5.5% at December 31, 2005.

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Scheduled payments and maturities of mortgage notes payable and unsecured notes outstanding at June 30, 2006 are as follows:
                                 
                            Stated  
    Secured notes     Secured notes     Unsecured notes     interest rate of  
Year
  payments     maturities     maturities     unsecured notes  
2006
  $ 4,516     $ —     $ 150,000       6.800 %
2007
    7,738       39,952       110,000       6.875 %
 
                    150,000       5.000 %
2008
    8,197       4,368       50,000       6.625 %
 
                    146,000       8.250 %
2009
    7,255       73,793       150,000       7.500 %
2010
    5,448       28,989       200,000       7.500 %
2011
    4,302       35,910       300,000       6.625 %
 
                    50,000       6.625 %
2012
    3,495       12,166       250,000       6.125 %
2013
    3,507       —       100,000       4.950 %
2014
    3,748       33,100       150,000       5.375 %
2015
    4,008       —       —       —  
Thereafter
    103,587       144,758       —       —  
 
                         
 
                               
 
  $ 155,801     $ 373,036     $ 1,806,000          
 
                         
The Company’s unsecured notes contain a number of financial and other covenants with which the Company must comply, including, but not limited to, limits on the aggregate amount of total and secured indebtedness the Company may have on a consolidated basis and limits on the Company’s required debt service payments.
The Company has a $500,000 revolving variable rate unsecured credit facility with JPMorgan Chase Bank and Wachovia Bank, N.A. serving as banks and syndication agents for a syndicate of commercial banks and Bank of America, serving as bank and administrative agent. The Company had $6,000 outstanding under the facility and $39,195 in letters of credit on June 30, 2006 and $66,800 outstanding under the facility and $40,154 in letters of credit on December 31, 2005. Under the terms of the credit facility, the Company may elect to increase the facility by up to an additional $150,000, provided that one or more banks (from the syndicate or otherwise) voluntarily agree to provide the additional commitment. No member of the syndicate of banks can prohibit such increase; such an increase in the facility will only be effective to the extent banks (from the syndicate or otherwise) choose to commit to lend additional funds. The Company pays participating banks, in the aggregate, an annual facility fee of approximately $750. The unsecured credit facility bears interest at varying levels based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), rating levels achieved on the Company’s unsecured notes and on a maturity schedule selected by the Company. The current stated pricing is LIBOR plus 0.55% per annum. The stated spread over LIBOR can vary from LIBOR plus 0.50% to LIBOR plus 1.15% based upon the rating of the Company’s long-term unsecured debt. In addition, the unsecured credit facility includes a competitive bid option, which allows banks that are part of the lender consortium to bid to make loans to the Company at a rate that is lower than the stated rate provided by the unsecured credit facility for up to $250,000. The competitive bid option may result in lower pricing than the stated rate if market conditions allow. The Company does not have any amounts outstanding under this competitive bid option as of June 30, 2006. The Company is subject to (i) certain customary covenants under the unsecured credit facility, including, but not limited to, maintaining

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certain maximum leverage ratios, a minimum fixed charges coverage ratio and minimum unencumbered assets and equity levels and (ii) prohibitions on paying dividends in amounts that exceed 95% of the Company’s Funds from Operations, as defined therein, except as may be required to maintain the Company’s REIT status. The credit facility matures in May 2008, assuming exercise of a one-year renewal option by the Company. The Company is currently evaluating the possibility of entering into a new expanded credit facility with lower pricing and additional capacity. However, there is no guarantee that such a credit facility will be obtained.
4. Stockholders’ Equity
The following summarizes the changes in stockholders’ equity for the six months ended June 30, 2006:
                                                 
                            Accumulated     Accumulated        
                    Additional     earnings     other        
    Preferred     Common     paid-in     less     comprehensive     Stockholders’  
    stock     stock     capital     dividends     loss     equity  
Balance at December 31, 2005
  $ 40     $ 737     $ 2,429,568     $ 115,788     $ (4,470 )   $ 2,541,663  
 
                                               
Net income
    —       —       —       184,046       —       184,046  
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedges
    —       —       —       —       1,185       1,185  
Dividends declared to common and preferred stockholders
    —       —       —       (120,380 )     —       (120,380 )
Issuance of common stock, net of withholdings
    —       7       27,593       (1,267 )     —       26,333  
Vesting of restricted stock grants and options
    —       —       8,201       —       —       8,201  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Balance at June 30, 2006
  $ 40     $ 744     $ 2,465,362     $ 178,187     $ (3,285 )   $ 2,641,048  
 
                                   
During the six months ended June 30, 2006, the Company (i) issued 373,783 shares of common stock in connection with stock options exercised, (ii) issued 301,298 shares of common stock to acquire an equal number of DownREIT limited partnership units, (iii) issued 943 shares through the Company’s dividend reinvestment plan, (iv) issued 122,172 common shares in connection with stock grants to employees of which 80% are restricted and (v) withheld 45,267 shares to satisfy employees’ tax withholding and other liabilities. In addition, the Company granted 862,613 options for common stock to employees. As required under SFAS No. 123(R), any deferred compensation related to the Company’s stock option and restricted stock grants during the six months ended June 30, 2006 are not reflected on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2006 or on the summary of changes in stockholders’ equity above, and will not be reflected until earned as compensation cost.
Dividends per common share for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 were $1.56 and $1.42 per share, respectively. In both the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, average dividends for preferred shares were $1.09 per share.
5. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company has historically used interest rate swap and cap agreements (collectively, the “Hedged Derivatives”) to reduce the impact of interest rate fluctuations on its variable rate, tax-exempt bonds and its variable rate conventional secured debt. The Company has not entered into any interest rate hedge agreements or treasury locks for its conventional unsecured debt and does not hold interest rate hedge agreements for trading or other speculative purposes. As of June 30, 2006, the Hedged Derivatives fix approximately $67,000 of the Company’s tax-exempt debt at a weighted average interest rate of 6.3% through interest rate swaps. In addition, as of June 30, 2006, the Company has Hedged Derivatives on approximately $198,000 of its existing variable rate debt, which floats at a weighted average coupon interest rate of 5.1% and has been capped at a weighted average interest rate of 7.7% through interest rate caps. These Hedged Derivatives have maturity dates ranging from 2007 to 2011. All of the Company’s Hedged Derivatives are accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 133. SFAS No. 133 requires that every derivative instrument be recorded on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at its

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fair value, with changes in fair value recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met.
The Company has determined that its Hedged Derivatives qualify as effective cash-flow hedges under SFAS No. 133, resulting in the Company recording the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the Hedged Derivatives in other comprehensive income. Amounts recorded in other comprehensive income will be reclassified into earnings in the period in which earnings are affected by the hedged cash flow. To adjust the Hedged Derivatives to their fair value, the Company recorded unrealized gains to other comprehensive income of $1,185 and $946 during the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The estimated amount, included in accumulated other comprehensive income as of June 30, 2006, expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next twelve months to offset the variability of cash flow during this period is not material.
The Company assesses, both at inception and on an on-going basis, the effectiveness of all hedges in offsetting cash flow of hedged items. Hedge ineffectiveness did not have a material impact on earnings and the Company does not anticipate that it will have a material effect in the future. The fair values of the obligations under the Hedged Derivatives are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
By using derivative financial instruments to hedge exposures to changes in interest rates, the Company exposes itself to credit risk and market risk. The credit risk is the risk of a counterparty not performing under the terms of the Hedged Derivatives. The counterparties to these Hedged Derivatives are major financial institutions which have an A+ or better credit rating by the Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group. The Company monitors the credit ratings of counterparties and the amount of the Company’s debt subject to Hedged Derivatives with any one party. Therefore, the Company believes the likelihood of realizing material losses from counterparty non-performance is remote. Market risk is the adverse effect of the value of financial instruments that results from a change in interest rates. The market risk associated with interest-rate contracts is managed by the establishment and monitoring of parameters that limit the types and degree of market risk that may be undertaken. These risks are managed by the Company’s Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President — Finance.

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6. Investments in Unconsolidated Entities
The Company accounts for its investments in unconsolidated real estate entities that are not considered variable interest entities under FIN 46 in accordance with EITF Issue No. 04-5. As of June 30, 2006, the Company’s investments in unconsolidated real estate entities accounted for under the equity method of accounting consisted of:
  •   a general partnership interest in a partnership that owns the Avalon Run community, in which after the partnership makes certain distributions to the third-party partner, the Company will generally be entitled to receive 40% of all operating cash flow distributions and 49% of all residual cash flow following a sale;
 
  •   a limited liability company membership interest in a limited liability company that owns the Avalon Grove community, in which after the limited liability company makes certain distributions to the third-party partner, the Company will generally be entitled to receive 50% of all distributions;
 
  •   a 25% limited liability company membership interest (with a right to 50% of distributions after achievement of a threshold return) in a limited liability company that owns the Avalon Bedford community;
 
  •   a 20% limited liability company membership interest (with a right to 50% of distributions after achievement of a threshold return) in the limited liability company that owns the Avalon Chrystie Place I community;
 
  •   a 25% limited liability company membership interest (with a right to 45% of distributions after achievement of a threshold return) in the limited liability company that is developing and will own the Avalon at Mission Bay North II community; and
 
  •   a 15.2% combined general partner and indirect limited partner equity interest in the Fund, which owns the following communities: Avalon at Redondo Beach, Avalon Lakeside, Avalon Columbia, Ravenswood at the Park, Avalon at Poplar Creek, Fuller Martel, Civic Center Place, Paseo Park, Aurora at Yerba Buena and Avalon at Aberdeen Station. During the three months ended June 30, 2006, the Fund:
  (i)   acquired Avalon at Aberdeen Station, located in Aberdeen, New Jersey for $57,600. Avalon at Aberdeen Station is a garden-style community containing 290 apartment homes;
 
  (ii)   completed redevelopment of Avalon Columbia for a total capitalized cost of $4,100, excluding costs incurred prior to redevelopment. Avalon Columbia is a garden-style community containing 170 apartment homes located in Columbia, Maryland; and
 
  (iii)   commenced redevelopment of Ravenswood at the Park for an expected total capitalized cost of $7,500, excluding costs incurred prior to redevelopment. Ravenswood at the Park is a garden-style community containing 400 apartment homes located in Redmond, Washington.
In addition, as part of the formation of the Fund, the Company has provided to one of the limited partners a guarantee. The guarantee provides that, if, upon final liquidation of the Fund, the total amount of all distributions to that partner during the life of the Fund (whether from operating cash flow or property sales) does not equal the total capital contributions made by that partner, then the Company will pay the partner an amount equal to the shortfall, but in no event more than 10% of the total capital contributions made by the partner (maximum of approximately $3,400 as of June 30, 2006). As of June 30, 2006, the fair value of the real estate assets owned by the Fund is considered adequate to cover such potential payment under a liquidation scenario. In addition, the estimated fair value of this guarantee is not significant, and the Company has therefore not recorded the fair value of this guarantee as of June 30, 2006.

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The following is a combined summary of the financial position of the entities accounted for using the equity method, as of the dates presented:
                 
    6-30-06     12-31-05  
    (unaudited)          
Assets:
               
Real estate, net
  $ 572,058     $ 449,418  
Other assets
    139,257       111,623  
 
           
Total assets
  $ 711,315     $ 561,041  
 
           
 
               
Liabilities and partners’ equity:
               
Mortgage notes payable and credit facility
  $ 417,541     $ 332,760  
Other liabilities
    30,514       26,745  
Partners’ equity
    263,260       201,536  
 
           
 
               
Total liabilities and partners’ equity
  $ 711,315     $ 561,041  
 
           
The following is a combined summary of the operating results of the entities accounted for using the equity method, for the periods presented:
                                 
    For the three months ended     For the six months ended  
    (unaudited)     (unaudited)  
    6-30-06     6-30-05     6-30-06     6-30-05  
Rental income
  $ 15,463     $ 8,061     $ 29,968     $ 13,815  
Operating and other expenses
    (6,984 )     (4,825 )     (13,732 )     (8,194 )
Interest expense, net
    (4,322 )     (1,387 )     (8,615 )     (1,942 )
Depreciation expense
    (3,999 )     (1,804 )     (7,757 )     (2,917 )
 
                       
 
                               
Net income
  $ 158     $ 45     $ (136 )   $ 762  
 
                       
In addition, the Company is subject to the following arrangements related to entities that are not accounted for under the equity method of accounting:
  •   The Company is party to an agreement whereby upon completion, a community currently under construction will be owned through a joint venture arrangement, with the Company retaining a 30% equity interest in the joint venture. This entity is currently consolidated for financial reporting purposes;
 
  •   The Company retained a promoted residual interest in the profits of an entity that acquired the Avalon at Juanita Village community after construction of the community by the Company. Although the Company has the right to receive payments upon disposition of the community after achievement of a threshold return, the Company does not hold any equity interest in the joint venture; and
 
  •   The Company holds an option to make a capital contribution to an entity in connection with the pursuit of a Development Right in Pleasant Hill, California. The Company currently does not have any equity or economic interest in this entity. However, due to the nature of the Company’s option to make a capital contribution, this entity is considered a variable interest entity under FIN 46(R), where the Company is the primary beneficiary. This entity does not have any operations and has minimal assets and equity, and is therefore not considered a significant variable interest entity.
In connection with the general contractor services that the Company provides or has provided to three unconsolidated real estate entities, the Company has provided construction completion guarantees to the related lenders in order to fulfill their standard financing requirements related to the construction financing. Our obligations under these guarantees will terminate following construction completion once all of the lender’s standard completion requirements have been satisfied, which is expected to occur at dates between 2006 and 2007. Construction for each of these three unconsolidated real estate entities is either complete or proceeding on schedule and on budget, and therefore there are no payments that the Company would be required to make under these construction completion guarantees as of June 30, 2006. No liability has been recorded related to these construction completion guarantees as of June 30, 2006. In addition, the estimated fair value of each

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of these guarantees is not significant, and therefore the Company has not recorded the fair value of these guarantees as of June 30, 2006.
7. Discontinued Operations — Real Estate Assets Sold or Held for Sale
During the six months ended June 30, 2006, the Company sold three communities: Avalon Estates, located in the Boston, Massachusetts area, Avalon Cupertino, located in San Jose, California and Avalon Corners, located in Stamford, Connecticut. These three communities, which contained a total of 668 apartment homes, were sold for an aggregate sales price of $182,750. The sale of these three communities resulted in a gain as reported in accordance with GAAP of $97,411. The buyers of these assets intend to continue to operate these communities as rental apartments.
As of June 30, 2006, the Company did not have any communities that qualified as held for sale under the provisions of SFAS No. 144. As required under SFAS No. 144, the operations for any communities sold from January 1, 2005 through June 30, 2006 have been presented as discontinued operations in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Accordingly, certain reclassifications have been made in prior periods to reflect discontinued operations consistent with current period presentation.
The following is a summary of income from discontinued operations for the periods presented:
                                 
    For the three months ended     For the six months ended  
    6-30-06     6-30-05     6-30-06     6-30-05  
Rental income
  $ 157     $ 7,277     $ 1,787     $ 15,970  
Operating and other expenses
    (86 )     (2,230 )     (640 )     (5,064 )
Interest expense, net
    —       —       —       —  
Depreciation expense
    —       (825 )     —       (2,615 )
 
                       
 
                               
Income from discontinued operations
  $ 71     $ 4,222     $ 1,147     $ 8,291  
 
                       
The Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets include other assets (excluding net real estate) of $0 and $485, and other liabilities of $0 and $1,837 as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively, relating to real estate assets sold or held for sale.
During the six months ended June 30, 2006, the Company also sold one parcel of land, located in the Northern New Jersey area, for a sales price of $15,000 resulting in a GAAP gain of $13,166. This land parcel was purchased in 1997 in connection with the development of The Tower at Avalon Cove, which was sold in December 2005.
8. Segment Reporting
The Company’s reportable operating segments include Established Communities, Other Stabilized Communities, and Development/Redevelopment Communities. Annually as of January 1st, the Company determines which of its communities fall into each of these categories and maintains that classification, unless disposition plans regarding a community change, throughout the year for the purpose of reporting segment operations.
  •   Established Communities (also known as Same Store Communities) are communities where a comparison of operating results from the prior year to the current year is meaningful, as these communities were owned and had stabilized occupancy and operating expenses as of the beginning of the prior year. For the year 2006, the Established Communities are communities that are consolidated for financial reporting purposes, had stabilized occupancy and operating expenses as of January 1, 2005, are not conducting or planning to conduct substantial redevelopment activities and are not held for sale or planned for disposition within the current year. A community is considered to have stabilized occupancy at the earlier of (i) attainment of 95% physical occupancy or (ii) the one-year anniversary of completion of development or redevelopment.

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  •   Other Stabilized Communities includes all other completed communities that have stabilized occupancy, as defined above. Other Stabilized Communities do not include communities that are conducting or planning to conduct substantial redevelopment activities within the current year.
 
  •   Development/Redevelopment Communities consists of communities that are under construction and have not received a final certificate of occupancy, communities where substantial redevelopment is in progress or is planned to begin during the current year and communities under lease-up, that had not reached stabilized occupancy, as defined above, as of January 1, 2006.
In addition, the Company owns land held for future development and has other corporate assets that are not allocated to an operating segment.
SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” requires that segment disclosures present the
measure(s) used by the chief operating decision maker for purposes of assessing such segments’ performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is comprised of several members of its executive management team who use Net Operating Income (“NOI”) as the primary financial measure for Established and Other Stabilized Communities. NOI is defined by the Company as total revenue less direct property operating expenses. Although the Company considers NOI a useful measure of a community’s or communities’ operating performance, NOI should not be considered an alternative to net income or net cash flow from operating activities, as determined in accordance with GAAP. NOI excludes a number of income and expense categories as detailed in the reconciliation of NOI to net income.
A reconciliation of NOI to net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 is as follows:
                                 
    For the three months ended     For the six months ended  
    6-30-06     6-30-05     6-30-06     6-30-05  
Net income
  $ 69,969     $ 56,911     $ 184,046     $ 126,521  
Corporate-level property management and other indirect operating expenses
    8,307       7,594       16,938       14,722  
Corporate-level other income
    (1,394 )     (1,441 )     (2,600 )     (2,054 )
Investments and investment management
    2,398       1,171       3,869       2,164  
Interest expense, net
    26,595       32,112       55,259       64,232  
General and administrative expense
    6,479       6,262       12,762       13,421  
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities
    (207 )     (178 )     (434 )     (6,761 )
Minority interest in consolidated partnerships
    128       337       260       851  
Depreciation expense
    41,238       39,377       81,153       78,693  
Gain on sale of land
    —       (4,617 )     (13,166 )     (4,617 )
Gain on sale of communities
    (31,992 )     (22,647 )     (97,411 )     (60,261 )
Income from discontinued operations
    (71 )     (4,222 )     (1,147 )     (8,291 )
 
                       
Net operating income
  $ 121,450     $ 110,659     $ 239,529     $ 218,620  
 
                       
The primary performance measure for communities under development or redevelopment depends on the stage of completion. While under development, management monitors actual construction costs against budgeted costs as well as lease-up pace and rent levels compared to budget.
The table on the following page provides details of the Company’s segment information as of the dates specified. The segments are classified based on the individual community’s status as of the beginning of the given calendar year. Therefore, each year the composition of communities within each business segment is adjusted. Accordingly, the amounts between years are not directly comparable. The accounting policies applicable to

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the operating segments described above are the same as those described in Note 1, “Organization and Significant Accounting Policies.” Segment information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 has been adjusted for the communities that were sold from January 1, 2005 through June 30, 2006 as described in Note 7, “Discontinued Operations – Real Estate Assets Sold or Held for Sale.”
                                                                 
    For the three months ended     For the six months ended  
    Total             % NOI change   Gross     Total             % NOI change   Gross  
    revenue     NOI     from prior year   real estate (1)     revenue     NOI     from prior year   real estate (1)  
For the period ended June 30, 2006
                                                               
 
                                                               
Established
                                                               
Northeast
  $ 50,896     $ 34,280       5.7 %   $ 1,261,091     $ 100,592     $ 67,353       4.8 %   $ 1,261,091  
Mid-Atlantic
    26,201       18,531       10.3 %     621,538       51,799       37,021       11.3 %     621,538  
Midwest
    2,832       1,778       (1.1 %)     92,069       5,567       3,444       (0.9 %)     92,069  
Pacific Northwest
    8,125       5,338       10.9 %     315,534       16,000       10,506       9.3 %     315,534  
Northern California
    36,161       25,167       8.8 %     1,374,113       71,720       50,161       9.1 %     1,374,113  
Southern California
    14,233       10,339       10.5 %     372,197       28,258       20,538       10.1 %     372,197  
 
                                               
Total Established
    138,448       95,433       8.1 %     4,036,542       273,936       189,023       7.8 %     4,036,542  
 
                                               
Other Stabilized
    24,419       15,486       n/a       827,326       48,055       30,764       n/a       827,326  
Development / Redevelopment
    16,414       10,531       n/a       969,332       31,242       19,742       n/a       969,332  
Land Held for Future Development
    n/a       n/a       n/a       208,810       n/a       n/a       n/a       208,810  
Non-allocated (2)
    1,394       n/a       n/a       31,860       2,600       n/a       n/a       31,860  
 
                                                               
 
                                               
Total
  $ 180,675     $ 121,450       9.7 %   $ 6,073,870     $ 355,833     $ 239,529       9.6 %   $ 6,073,870  
 
                                               
 
                                                               
For the period ended June 30, 2005
                                                               
 
                                                               
Established
                                                               
Northeast
  $ 41,597     $ 27,742       (0.6 %)   $ 1,056,726     $ 82,574     $ 55,110       2.5 %   $ 1,056,726  
Mid-Atlantic
    16,985       11,974       3.1 %     386,622       33,483       23,702       1.6 %     386,622  
Midwest
    2,798       1,798       16.2 %     91,180       5,515       3,475       11.4 %     91,180  
Pacific Northwest
    7,393       4,812       8.6 %     1,410,143       14,700       9,608       7.4 %     1,410,143  
Northern California
    36,210       24,065       2.9 %     330,297       72,040       47,827       2.4 %     330,297  
Southern California
    12,037       8,673       5.7 %     314,873       23,922       17,318       5.5 %     314,873  
 
                                               
Total Established
    117,020       79,064       2.6 %     3,589,841       232,234       157,040       3.1 %     3,589,841  
 
                                               
Other Stabilized
    19,368       13,690       n/a       714,351       37,774       26,311       n/a       714,351  
Development / Redevelopment
    27,823       17,905       n/a       1,048,027       54,899       35,269       n/a       1,048,027  
Land Held for Future Development
    n/a       n/a       n/a       202,444       n/a       n/a       n/a       202,444  
Non-allocated (2)
    1,441       n/a       n/a       30,693       2,054       n/a       n/a       30,693  
 
                                                               
 
                                               
Total
  $ 165,652     $ 110,659       9.7 %   $ 5,585,356     $ 326,961     $ 218,620       11.3 %   $ 5,585,356  
 
                                               
 
(1)   Does not include gross real estate assets for discontinued operations of $0 and $225,234 as of June 30, 2006, and 2005, respectively.
 
(2)   Revenue represents third-party management, accounting and developer fees and miscellaneous income which are not allocated to a reportable segment.
9. Stock-Based Compensation Plans
The Company has a stock incentive plan (the “1994 Plan”), which was amended and restated on December 8, 2004. Individuals who are eligible to participate in the 1994 Plan include officers, other associates, outside directors and other key persons of the Company and its subsidiaries who are responsible for or contribute to the management, growth or profitability of the Company and its subsidiaries. The 1994 Plan authorizes (i) the grant of stock options that qualify as incentive stock options (“ISOs”) under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code, (ii) the grant of stock options that do not so qualify, (iii) grants of shares of restricted and unrestricted common stock, (iv) grants of deferred stock awards, (v) performance share awards entitling the recipient to acquire shares of common stock and (vi) dividend equivalent rights.
Shares of common stock of 1,792,604 and 2,066,308 were available for future option or restricted stock grant awards under the 1994 Plan as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively. Annually on January 1st, the maximum number available for issuance under the 1994 Plan is increased by between 0.48% and 1.00% of the total number of shares of common stock and DownREIT units actually outstanding on such date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the maximum number of shares of stock for which ISOs may be issued under the 1994 Plan shall not exceed 2,500,000 and no awards shall be granted under the 1994 Plan after May 11, 2011. Options and restricted stock granted under the 1994 Plan vest and expire over varying periods, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.

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The Company is the surviving corporation from the merger (the “Merger”) of Bay Apartment Communities, Inc. (“Bay”) and Avalon Properties, Inc. (“Avalon”) on June 4, 1998. Before the Merger, Avalon had adopted its 1995 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Avalon 1995 Incentive Plan”). Under the Avalon 1995 Incentive Plan, a maximum number of 3,315,054 shares (or 2,546,956 shares as adjusted for the Merger) of common stock were issuable, plus any shares of common stock represented by awards under Avalon’s 1993 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “Avalon 1993 Plan”) that were forfeited, canceled, reacquired by Avalon, satisfied without the issuance of common stock or otherwise terminated (other than by exercise). Options granted to officers, non-employee directors and associates under the Avalon 1995 Incentive Plan generally vested over a three-year term, expire ten years from the date of grant and are exercisable at the market price on the date of grant.
In connection with the Merger, the exercise prices and the number of options under the Avalon 1995 Incentive Plan and the Avalon 1993 Plan were adjusted to reflect the equivalent Bay shares and exercise prices based on the 0.7683 share conversion ratio used in the Merger. Officers, non-employee directors and associates with Avalon 1995 Incentive Plan or Avalon 1993 Plan options may exercise their adjusted number of options for the Company’s common stock at the adjusted exercise price. As of June 4, 1998, the date of the Merger, options and other awards ceased to be granted under the Avalon 1993 Plan or the Avalon 1995 Incentive Plan. Accordingly, there were no options to purchase shares of common stock available for grant under the Avalon 1995 Incentive Plan or the Avalon 1993 Plan at June 30, 2006 or December 31, 2005.
                                 
            Weighted     Avalon 1995     Weighted  
            average     and Avalon     average  
    1994 Plan     exercise price     1993 Plan     exercise price  
    shares     per share     shares     per share  
Options Outstanding, December 31, 2005
    2,229,778     $ 51.40       26,624     $ 37.09  
Exercised
    (353,399 )     45.11       (20,384 )     37.33  
Granted
    862,613       99.17       —       —  
Forfeited
    (618 )     49.01       —       —  
 
                       
Options Outstanding, June 30, 2006
    2,738,374     $ 67.30       6,240     $ 36.33  
 
                       
 
                               
Options Exercisable:
                               
June 30, 2006
    1,274,636     $ 46.99       6,240     $ 36.33  
 
                       
For options outstanding at June 30, 2006 under the 1994 Plan, 480,578 options had exercise prices ranging between $31.50 and $39.99 and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 3.5 years, 348,300 options had exercise prices ranging between $40.00 and $49.99 and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 5.2 years, 389,204 options had exercise prices between $50.00 and $59.99 and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 7.6 years, 653,179 options had exercise prices ranging between $60.00 and $79.99 and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 8.6 years, 4,500 options had exercise prices between $80.00 and $89.99 and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 9.2 years, and 862,613 options had exercise prices between $90.00 and $109.99 and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 9.6 years. Options outstanding at June 30, 2006 for the Avalon 1993 and Avalon 1995 Plans had exercise prices ranging from $35.31 to $37.66 and a weighted average contractual life of 1.2 years.
The weighted average fair value of the options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2006 is estimated at $11.44 per share on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions: dividend yield of 5.0% over the expected life of the option, volatility of 17.64%, risk-free interest rates of 4.57%, estimated forfeitures of 1.6% and an expected life of approximately seven years.
Total compensation cost recognized related to stock-based compensation plans was $3,045 and $8,201 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, respectively. Of these amounts, $940 and $1,933 were capitalized in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, respectively. As of June 30, 2006, total

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unvested compensation cost not yet recognized was $26,910, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.7 years.
10. Related Party Arrangements
Unconsolidated Entities
The Company manages several unconsolidated real estate entities for which it receives property management, asset management, development and redevelopment fee revenue. From these entities the Company received fees of $1,395 and $2,601 in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, respectively, and $1,363 and $1,796 in the three and six months ended June 30, 2005, respectively. These fees are included in management, development and other fees on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income.
In addition, in connection with the general contractor services that the Company provides to MVP I, LLC, the entity that owns and is developing Avalon at Mission Bay North II, and CVP I, LLC, the entity that owns and developed Avalon Chrystie Place I, the Company funds certain construction costs that are expected to be reimbursed through construction financing within 30 to 60 days. Depending on the timing of such funding, the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets may reflect a corresponding receivable in prepaid expenses and other assets. As of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the Company has recorded receivables in the amounts of $8,935 and $6,653, respectively, from MVP I, LLC. As of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the Company has recorded receivables in the amount of $942 and $2,365, respectively, from CVP I, LLC.
Director Compensation
The Company’s stock incentive plan (the “1994 Plan”) provides that directors of the Company who are also employees receive no additional compensation for their services as a director. On May 14, 2003, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to the 1994 Plan pursuant to which each non-employee director would receive, following the 2004 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and each annual meeting thereafter, (i) a number of shares of restricted stock (or deferred stock awards) having a value of $100 based on the last reported sale price of the common stock on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) on the fifth business day following the prior year’s annual meeting and (ii) $30 cash, payable in quarterly installments of $7.5. A non-employee director may elect to receive all or a portion of such cash payment in the form of a deferred stock award. In addition, the Lead Independent Director receives an annual fee of $30 payable in equal monthly installments of $2.5. In February 2006, the Company’s Board of Directors approved another amendment to the 1994 Plan under which (i) following the 2006 Annual Meeting of Stockholders the cash payment will be adjusted to $40, payable in quarterly installments of $10 and (ii) following the 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, the number of shares of restricted stock (or deferred stock awards) will be calculated based on the closing price on the day of the award (rather than the closing price on the award date of the prior year). The Company recorded non-employee director compensation expense relating to the restricted stock grants, deferred stock awards and stock options in the amount of $237 and $477 in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, respectively, and $234 and $452 in the three and six months ended June 30, 2005, respectively. Deferred compensation relating to these restricted stock grants, deferred stock awards and stock options was $958 and $579 on June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively.
11. Subsequent Events
In July 2006, the Company repaid $150,000 of unsecured notes with an annual interest rate of 6.8%, along with any unpaid interest, pursuant to their scheduled maturity.
In July 2006, the Fund acquired The Springs, located in Corona, California, part of the Inland Empire, for a purchase price of $47,120. The Springs is a garden-style community containing 320 apartment homes.
In August 2006, Moody’s Investor Service upgraded its rating on the Company’s unsecured notes from “stable” to “positive.”

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
We are primarily engaged in developing, acquiring, owning and operating apartment communities in high barrier-to-entry markets of the United States. We seek to create long-term shareholder value by accessing capital on cost effective terms; deploying that capital to develop, redevelop and acquire apartment communities in high barrier-to-entry markets; operating apartment communities; and selling communities when they no longer meet our long-term investment strategy and when pricing is attractive.
The net operating income of our current operating communities, as defined later in this report, is one of the financial measures that we use to evaluate community performance. Net operating income is affected by the demand and supply dynamics within our markets, our rental rates and occupancy levels, and our ability to control operating costs. Our overall financial performance is also impacted by the general availability and cost of capital and the performance of our newly developed and acquired apartment communities.
This Form 10-Q, including the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations, contains forward-looking statements that predict or indicate future events or trends and that do not report historical matters. Actual results or developments could differ materially from those projected in such statements as discussed on page 47 of this report. The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes included elsewhere in this report, as well as our Annual Report filed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 and our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for subsequent quarters.
Business Description
We believe that apartment communities present an attractive long-term investment opportunity compared to other real estate investments because a broad potential resident base should help reduce demand volatility over a real estate cycle. We intend to continue to pursue real estate investments in markets where constraints to new supply exist, and where new rental household formations are expected to out-pace multifamily permit activity over the course of the real estate cycle. Barriers-to-entry in our markets generally include a difficult and lengthy entitlement process with local jurisdictions and dense urban or suburban areas where zoned and entitled land is in limited supply.
We regularly evaluate the allocation of our investments by the amount of invested capital and by product type within our individual markets, which are located in the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, Pacific Northwest, and Northern and Southern California regions of the United States. Our strategy is to more deeply penetrate these markets with a broad range of products and services and an intense focus on our customer. A substantial majority of our communities are upscale, which generally command among the highest rents in their markets. However, we also pursue the ownership and operation of apartment communities that target a variety of customer segments and price points, consistent with our goal of offering a broad range of products and services.
We believe that, over an entire real estate cycle, lower housing affordability and the limited new supply of apartment homes in our markets will result in a higher propensity to rent and larger increases in cash flow relative to other markets. However, throughout the real estate cycle, apartment market fundamentals, and therefore operating cash flows, are affected by overall economic conditions. Improvement in the economic environment in 2005 and 2006, as evidenced by job growth and declining unemployment claims, and modest increases in net supply, has resulted in strengthening apartment market fundamentals. This is supported by the year-over-year rental revenue growth of 6.6% achieved within our Established Community portfolio (as defined later in this report) during the three months ended June 30, 2006, comprised of an increase in rental rates of 5.8% and an increase in occupancy of 0.8%. This revenue growth contributed to our Established Community portfolio achieving year-over-year growth in net operating income of 8.1%, our strongest operating performance in five years.

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We expect continued job growth and household formation in our markets, the principal drivers of housing demand. Recent condominium activity has reduced the rental apartment supply, while the current disparity between for-sale housing prices and rental rates makes rental apartments an economically attractive housing alternative. In addition, the single-family home market has reached a transition point, where home prices have stopped accelerating and homes are not being sold as quickly, resulting in potential home buyers continuing to rent during this transition period. Accordingly, we expect apartment market fundamentals to remain strong in our markets such that apartment rental demand will outpace new supply. Based on our results for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and our expectations for demand/supply fundamentals, we expect continued growth in the revenue and net operating income generated by our operating communities for the remainder of 2006.
In positioning for future growth, we have increased our current development activity underway and our future Development Rights, as discussed below. We currently have in excess of $1,400,000,000 under construction (measured by total projected capitalized cost of the communities at completion, including the portions in which joint venture partners hold an equity or economic interest) and anticipate reaching a level of $1,500,000,000 under construction during 2006. In addition, we continue to secure new Development Rights, including the acquisition of land for future development. We currently have Development Rights for construction of new apartment communities that, based on total projected capitalized cost if developed as expected, total approximately $2,900,000,000.
We continue to look for opportunities to acquire existing communities through our investment in and management of a discretionary investment fund (the “Fund”). The Fund has acquired three communities since January 1, 2006. We expect the Fund to continue to focus on acquisition opportunities where value can be added, generally through redevelopment or repositioning opportunities.
Strong capital flows to the industry and the strength of the condominium market have resulted in an attractive selling environment. During the first six months of 2006, we continued to be an opportunistic seller, disposing of three apartment communities since January 1, 2006. While the capital flows to the multifamily industry and the active condominium market created demand for multifamily apartment communities, it has also created a challenging environment for us in other ways such as:
  •   increased competition for land, resulting in, at times, the acquisition of land zoned for uses other than residential with the potential for rezoning;
 
  •   increased competition for subcontractors; and
 
  •   increased competition for experienced multifamily development and construction professionals, particularly in our markets.
There are signs that condominium conversion is slowing, primarily indicated by the pace of new condominium conversions and external data regarding unsold condominium inventory. Each of the three communities that we sold since January 1, 2006 was acquired by buyers intending to continue to operate the assets as rental apartments. A shift in condominium activity could impact the volume and pricing of assets we offer for sale going forward, but may alleviate some of the pressure on construction costs and availability of subcontractors previously experienced.
Community Information Overview
Our real estate investments consist primarily of current operating apartment communities, communities in various stages of development (“Development Communities”) and Development Rights as defined below. Our current operating communities and our Development Communities include communities in which we hold a direct and indirect ownership interest. Our current operating communities are further distinguished as Established Communities, Other Stabilized Communities, Lease-Up Communities and Redevelopment Communities. The following is a description of each category:

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Current Communities are categorized as Established, Other Stabilized, Lease-Up, or Redevelopment according to the following attributes:
  •   Established Communities (also known as Same Store Communities) are consolidated communities where a comparison of operating results from the prior year to the current year is meaningful, as these communities were owned and had stabilized occupancy and operating expenses as of the beginning of the prior year. For the year 2006, the Established Communities are communities that are consolidated for financial reporting purposes, had stabilized occupancy and operating expenses as of January 1, 2005, are not conducting or planning to conduct substantial redevelopment activities and are not held for sale or planned for disposition within the current year. A community is considered to have stabilized occupancy at the earlier of (i) attainment of 95% physical occupancy or (ii) the one-year anniversary of completion of development or redevelopment.
 
  •   Other Stabilized Communities includes all other completed communities that have stabilized occupancy, as defined above. Other Stabilized Communities do not include communities that are conducting or planning to conduct substantial redevelopment activities within the current year.
 
  •   Lease-Up Communities are communities where construction has been complete for less than one year and where physical occupancy has not reached 95%.
 
  •   Redevelopment Communities are communities where substantial redevelopment is in progress or is planned to begin during the current year. For communities that we wholly-own, redevelopment is considered substantial when capital invested during the reconstruction effort is expected to exceed the lesser of $5,000,000 or 10% of the community’s acquisition cost. The definition of substantial redevelopment may differ for communities that are not wholly-owned.
Development Communities are communities that are under construction and for which a final certificate of occupancy has not been received. These communities may be partially complete and operating.
Development Rights are development opportunities in the early phase of the development process for which we have an option to either acquire land or enter into a leasehold interest, for which we are the buyer under a long-term conditional contract to purchase land or where we own land to develop a new community. We capitalize related pre-development costs incurred in pursuit of new developments for which we currently believe future development is probable.
In addition, we own approximately 60,000 square feet of office space in Alexandria, Virginia, for our corporate office, with all other regional and administrative offices currently leased under operating leases.

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As of June 30, 2006, our communities, including communities that we manage or do not wholly-own, were classified as follows:
                 
    Number of   Number of
    communities   apartment homes
Current Communities
               
 
               
Established Communities:
               
Northeast
    35       8,674  
Mid-Atlantic
    18       5,833  
Midwest
    3       887  
Pacific Northwest
    10       2,500  
Northern California
    28       8,126  
Southern California
    11       3,430  
 
               
Total Established
    105       29,450  
 
               
 
               
Other Stabilized Communities:
               
Northeast
    16       5,571  
Mid-Atlantic
    3       1,026  
Midwest
    2       400  
Pacific Northwest
    1       211  
Northern California
    4       926  
Southern California
    5       1,442  
 
               
Total Other Stabilized
    31       9,576  
 
               
 
               
Lease-Up Communities
    4       886  
 
               
Redevelopment Communities
    3       1,573  
 
               
 
               
Total Current Communities
    143       41,485  
 
               
 
               
Development Communities
    17       5,419  
 
               
 
               
Development Rights
    49       11,996  
 
               
During July 2006, the Fund acquired one community containing 320 apartment homes. As of July 31, 2006, our 144 current communities consisted of 41,805 apartment homes. Of those communities, we owned, directly or through wholly-owned subsidiaries:
  •   the full fee simple, or absolute, ownership interest in 108 operating communities, four of which are on land subject to land leases expiring in July 2029, January 2062, April 2095 and March 2142;
 
  •   a general partnership interest in three partnerships that each own a fee simple interest in an operating community;
 
  •   a general partnership interest and an indirect limited partnership interest in the Fund, which owns a fee simple interest in 12 operating communities;
 
  •   a general partnership interest in five partnerships structured as “DownREITs,” as described more fully below, that own an aggregate of 16 communities;
 
  •   a membership interest in four limited liability companies that each hold a fee simple interest in an operating community, two of which are on land subject to land leases expiring in December 2026 and November 2089; and
 
  •   a residual profits interest (with no ownership interest) in a limited liability company to which an operating community that recently completed construction was transferred.
We also hold, directly or through wholly-owned subsidiaries, the full fee simple ownership interest in 16 of the Development Communities, one of which will be subject to a joint venture ownership structure upon construction completion, in addition to a membership interest in one limited liability company that owns a Development Community, which is subject to a land lease expiring in December 2103.

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In each of our five partnerships structured as DownREITs, either AvalonBay or one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries is the general partner, and there are one or more limited partners whose interest in the partnership is represented by units of limited partnership interest. For each DownREIT partnership, limited partners are entitled to receive an initial distribution before any distribution is made to the general partner. Although the partnership agreements for each of the DownREITs are different, generally the distributions per unit paid to the holders of units of limited partnership interests have approximated our current common stock dividend amount. Each DownREIT partnership has been structured so that it is unlikely the limited partners will be entitled to a distribution greater than the initial distribution provided for in the applicable partnership agreement. The holders of units of limited partnership interest have the right to present all or some of their units for redemption for a cash amount as determined by the applicable partnership agreement and based on the fair value of our common stock. In lieu of a cash redemption by the partnership, we may elect to acquire any unit presented for redemption for one share of our common stock or for such cash amount. As of July 31, 2006, there were 152,002 DownREIT partnership units outstanding. The DownREIT partnerships are consolidated for financial reporting purposes.
We elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for federal income tax purposes for the year ended December 31, 1994 and we have not revoked that election. We were incorporated under the laws of the State of California in 1978, and we were reincorporated in the State of Maryland in July 1995. Our principal executive offices are located at 2900 Eisenhower Avenue, Suite 300, Alexandria, Virginia, 22314, and our telephone number at that location is (703) 329-6300. We also maintain regional offices and administrative or specialty offices in or near the following cities:
  •   Boston, Massachusetts;
 
  •   Chicago, Illinois;
 
  •   Encino, California;
 
  •   Long Island, New York;
 
  •   Los Angeles, California;
 
  •   New York, New York;
 
  •   Newport Beach, California;
 
  •   San Jose, California;
 
  •   Seattle, Washington;
 
  •   Shelton, Connecticut; and
 
  •   Woodbridge, New Jersey.
Recent Developments
Development Activities. During the three months ended June 30, 2006, we completed the development of Avalon Pines II, located in Coram, New York. Avalon Pines II is the second phase of a multi-phase apartment community containing an aggregate of 450 apartment homes that were completed for a total capitalized cost of $73,200,000
We commenced construction of two communities during the three months ended June 30, 2006. Avalon at Dublin Station I, a mid-rise community located at the BART station in Dublin, California, is expected to contain 305 apartment homes when completed, for a total projected capitalized cost of $85,800,000. Avalon at Lexington Hills, located in Lexington, Massachusetts, is expected to contain 387 apartment homes when completed, for a total projected capitalized cost of $86,200,000.
Redevelopment Activities. During the three months ended June 30, 2006, we completed the redevelopment of Avalon at Fairway Hills III, located in Columbia, Maryland. The redevelopment of Avalon at Fairway Hills III, a garden-style community containing 336 apartment homes, was completed for a total capitalized cost of $6,000,000, excluding costs incurred prior to redevelopment.
Disposition Activities. During the three months ended June 30, 2006, we sold Avalon Corners, located in Stamford, Connecticut. This community contained 195 apartment homes and was sold for a price of $60,200,000. This resulted in a gain as reported in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) of $31,992,000.

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Investment Activities. During the three months ended June 30, 2006, the following activity took place through the Fund:
  •   Avalon at Aberdeen Station, located in Aberdeen, New Jersey, was acquired for $57,600,000. Avalon at Aberdeen Station is a garden-style community, containing 290 apartment homes.
 
  •   Redevelopment was completed at Avalon Columbia, a garden-style community containing 170 apartment homes located in Columbia, Maryland. This community was redeveloped for a total capitalized cost of $4,100,000, excluding costs incurred prior to redevelopment; and
 
  •   Redevelopment commenced at Ravenswood at the Park, a garden-style community containing 400 apartment homes located in Redmond, Washington. The expected total capitalized cost to redevelop this community is $7,500,000, excluding costs incurred prior to redevelopment.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to use judgment in the application of accounting policies, including making estimates and assumptions. If our judgment or interpretation of the facts and circumstances relating to various transactions had been different, or different estimates or assumptions had been made, it is possible that different accounting policies would have been applied, resulting in different financial results or a different presentation of our financial statements. Below is a discussion of accounting policies that we consider critical to an understanding of our financial condition and operating results and that may require complex judgment in their application or require estimates about matters which are inherently uncertain. As a REIT that owns, operates and develops apartment communities, our critical accounting policies relate to revenue recognition, cost capitalization, asset impairment evaluation and REIT status. A discussion of our significant accounting policies, including further discussion of the accounting policies described below, can be found in Note 1, “Organization and Significant Accounting Policies” of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Revenue Recognition
Rental income related to leases is recognized on an accrual basis when due from residents in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, “Revenue Recognition” and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 13, “Accounting for Leases.” In accordance with our standard lease terms, rental payments are generally due on a monthly basis. Any cash concessions given at the inception of the lease are amortized over the approximate life of the lease, which is generally one year. A discussion regarding the impact of cash concessions on rental revenue for Established Communities can be found in “Results of Operations.”
Cost Capitalization
We capitalize costs during the development of assets (including interest and related loan fees, property taxes and other direct and indirect costs) beginning when development efforts commence until the asset, or a portion of the asset, is delivered and is ready for its intended use, which is generally indicated by the issuance of a certificate of occupancy. We capitalize costs during redevelopment of apartment homes (including interest and related loan fees, property taxes and other direct and indirect costs) beginning when an apartment home is taken out-of-service for redevelopment, until the apartment home redevelopment is completed and the apartment home is available for a new resident. Rental income and operating expenses incurred during the initial lease-up or post-redevelopment lease-up period are fully recognized as they accrue.
We capitalize pre-development costs incurred in pursuit of Development Rights for which we currently believe future development is probable. These costs include legal fees, design fees and related overhead costs. Future development of these Development Rights is dependent upon various factors, including zoning and regulatory approval, rental market conditions, construction costs and availability of capital. Pre-development costs incurred in the pursuit of Development Rights for which future development is not yet considered probable are expensed as incurred. In addition, if the status of a Development Right changes, making future development no longer probable, any capitalized pre-development costs are written-off with a charge to expense.

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We generally capitalize only non-recurring expenditures. We capitalize improvements and upgrades only if the item: (i) exceeds $15,000; (ii) extends the useful life of the asset; and (iii) is not related to making an apartment home ready for the next resident. Under this policy, virtually all capitalized costs are non-recurring, as recurring make-ready costs are expensed as incurred. Recurring make-ready costs include: (i) carpet and appliance replacements; (ii) floor coverings; (iii) interior painting; and (iv) other redecorating costs. Because we expense recurring make-ready costs, such as carpet replacements, our expense levels and volatility are greatest in the third quarter of each year as this is when we experience our greatest amount of turnover. We capitalize purchases of personal property, such as computers and furniture, only if the item is a new addition and the item exceeds $2,500. We generally expense replacements of personal property.
For Established and Other Stabilized Communities, we recorded non-revenue generating capital expenditures of $202 per apartment home and $239 per apartment home in the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The average maintenance costs charged to expense per apartment home, including carpet and appliance replacements, related to these communities was $687 and $644 in the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Historically, we have experienced a gradual increase in capitalized costs and expensed maintenance costs per apartment home as the average age of our communities has increased, and expensed maintenance costs have fluctuated with turnover. Although we expect these trends to continue in the future, capitalized costs increased in 2005 over prior year growth levels as we embarked on a number of community upgrades and improvements. We expect capitalized costs in 2006 to be at or above 2005 levels as we continue with these community upgrades and improvements.
Asset Impairment Evaluation
If there is an event or change in circumstance that indicates an impairment in the value of a community, our policy is to assess the impairment by making a comparison of the current and projected operating cash flow of the community over its remaining useful life, on an undiscounted basis, to the carrying amount of the community. If the carrying amount is in excess of the estimated projected operating cash flow of the community, we would recognize an impairment loss equivalent to an amount required to adjust the carrying amount to its estimated fair market value. Real estate assets held for sale are measured at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less the cost to sell.
We account for our investments in unconsolidated entities that are not variable interest entities in accordance with EITF Issue No. 04-5, “Determining Whether a General Partner, or the General Partners as a Group, Controls a Limited Partnership or Similar Entity When the Limited Partners Have Certain Rights.” If there is an event or change in circumstance that indicates a loss in the value of an investment, we record the loss and reduce the value of the investment to its fair value. A loss in value would be indicated if we could not recover the carrying value of the investment or if the investee could not sustain an earnings capacity that would justify the carrying amount of the investment.
REIT Status
We are a Maryland corporation that has elected to be treated, for federal income tax purposes, as a REIT. We elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, for the year ended December 31, 1994 and have not revoked such election. A corporate REIT is a legal entity which holds real estate interests and must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that it currently distribute at least 90% of its adjusted taxable income to stockholders. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to corporate level federal income tax on taxable income we distribute currently to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income taxes at regular corporate rates (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) and may not be able to qualify as a REIT for four subsequent taxable years.

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Results of Operations
Our year-over-year operating performance is primarily affected by changes in net operating income of our current operating apartment communities due to market conditions, net operating income derived from acquisitions and development completions, the loss of net operating income related to disposed communities and capital market, disposition and financing activity. A comparison of our operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 follows (dollars in thousands):
                                                                 
    For the three months ended     For the six months ended  
    6-30-06     6-30-05     $ Change     % Change     6-30-06     6-30-05     $ Change     % Change  
Revenue:
                                                               
Rental and other income
  $ 179,280     $ 164,289     $ 14,991       9.1 %   $ 353,232     $ 325,165     $ 28,067       8.6 %
Management, development and other fees
    1,395       1,363       32       2.3 %     2,601       1,796       805       44.8 %
 
                                               
Total revenue
    180,675       165,652       15,023       9.1 %     355,833       326,961       28,872       8.8 %
 
                                               
 
                                                               
Expenses:
                                                               
Direct property operating expenses, excluding property taxes
    40,960       37,381       3,579       9.6 %     79,929       74,065       5,864       7.9 %
Property taxes
    16,871       16,171       700       4.3 %     33,775       32,222       1,553       4.8 %
 
                                               
Total community operating expenses
    57,831       53,552       4,279       8.0 %     113,704       106,287       7,417       7.0 %
 
                                               
 
                                                               
Corporate-level property management and other indirect operating expenses
    8,307       7,594       713       9.4 %     16,938       14,722       2,216       15.1 %
Investments and investment management
    2,398       1,171       1,227       104.8 %     3,869       2,164       1,705       78.8 %
Interest expense, net
    26,595       32,112       (5,517 )     (17.2 %)     55,259       64,232       (8,973 )     (14.0 %)
Depreciation expense
    41,238       39,377       1,861       4.7 %     81,153       78,693       2,460       3.1 %
General and administrative expense
    6,479       6,262       217       3.5 %     12,762       13,421       (659 )     (4.9 %)
 
                                               
Total other expenses
    85,017       86,516       (1,499 )     (1.7 %)     169,981       173,232       (3,251 )     (1.9 %)
 
                                               
 
                                                               
Gain on sale of land
    —       4,617       (4,617 )     100.0 %     13,166       4,617       8,549       185.2 %
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities
    207       178       29       16.3 %     434       6,761       (6,327 )     (93.6 %)
Minority interest in consolidated partnerships
    (128 )     (337 )     209       (62.0 %)     (260 )     (851 )     591       (69.4 %)
 
                                               
 
                                                               
Income from continuing operations
    37,906       30,042       7,864       26.2 %     85,488       57,969       27,519       47.5 %
 
                                                               
Discontinued operations:
                                                               
Income from discontinued operations
    71       4,222       (4,151 )     (98.3 %)     1,147       8,291       (7,144 )     (86.2 %)
Gain on sale of communities
    31,992       22,647       9,345       41.3 %     97,411       60,261       37,150       61.6 %
 
                                               
Total discontinued operations
    32,063       26,869       5,194       19.3 %     98,558       68,552       30,006       43.8 %
 
                                               
 
                                                               
Net income
    69,969       56,911       13,058       22.9 %     184,046       126,521       57,525       45.5 %
Dividends attributable to preferred stock
    (2,175 )     (2,175 )     —       —       (4,350 )     (4,350 )     —       —  
 
                                               
Net income available to common stockholders
  $ 67,794     $ 54,736     $ 13,058       23.9 %   $ 179,696     $ 122,171     $ 57,525       47.1 %
 
                                               

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Net income available to common stockholders increased $13,058,000, or 23.9%, to $67,794,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and increased $57,525,000, or 47.1%, to $179,696,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2006. This increase is primarily attributable to the timing and volume of gains on sales of assets in 2006 as well as increased net operating income from Established Communities and newly developed communities.
Net operating income (“NOI”) is considered by management to be an important and appropriate supplemental performance measure to net income because it helps both investors and management to understand the core operations of a community or communities prior to the allocation of any corporate-level or financing-related costs. NOI reflects the operating performance of a community and allows for an easy comparison of the operating performance of individual assets or groups of assets. In addition, because prospective buyers of real estate have different financing and overhead structures, with varying marginal impacts to overhead by acquiring real estate, NOI is considered by many in the real estate industry to be a useful measure for determining the value of a real estate asset or group of assets. We define NOI as total property revenue less direct property operating expenses, including property taxes.
NOI does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP. Therefore, NOI should not be considered an alternative to net income as an indication of our performance. NOI should also not be considered an alternative to net cash flow from operating activities, as determined by GAAP, as a measure of liquidity, nor is NOI indicative of cash available to fund cash needs. NOI excludes a number of income and expense categories as detailed in the reconciliation below. A calculation of NOI for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, along with a reconciliation to net income for each period, is as follows (dollars in thousands):
                                 
    For the three months ended     For the six months ended  
    6-30-06     6-30-05     6-30-06     6-30-05  
Net income
  $ 69,969     $ 56,911     $ 184,046     $ 126,521  
Corporate-level property management and other indirect operating expenses
    8,307       7,594       16,938       14,722  
Corporate-level other income
    (1,394 )     (1,441 )     (2,600 )     (2,054 )
Investments and investment management
    2,398       1,171       3,869       2,164  
Interest expense, net
    26,595       32,112       55,259       64,232  
General and administrative expense
    6,479       6,262       12,762       13,421  
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities
    (207 )     (178 )     (434 )     (6,761 )
Minority interest in consolidated partnerships
    128       337       260       851  
Depreciation expense
    41,238       39,377       81,153       78,693  
Gain on sale of real estate assets
    (31,992 )     (27,264 )     (110,577 )     (64,878 )
Income from discontinued operations
    (71 )     (4,222 )     (1,147 )     (8,291 )
 
                       
Net operating income
  $ 121,450     $ 110,659     $ 239,529     $ 218,620  
 
                       
The NOI increases of $10,791,000 and $20,909,000 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, respectively, as compared to the prior year period, consist of changes in the following categories (dollars in thousands):
                 
    2006 NOI Increase  
    For the three months ended     For the six months ended  
    06-30-2006     06-30-2006  
Established Communities
  $ 7,122     $ 13,746  
 
               
Other Stabilized Communities
    1,219       3,189  
 
               
Development and Redevelopment Communities
    2,450       3,974  
 
           
 
               
Total
  $ 10,791     $ 20,909  
 
           
The NOI increases in Established Communities were largely due to continued improvement in apartment market fundamentals. During the six months ended June 30, 2006, we focused on rental rate growth, while maintaining occupancy of at least 95% in the majority of our regions. We expect to continue to seek increases in rental rates by increasing market rents. We will continue to aggressively manage operating expenses, but operating expenses may be negatively impacted by increasing utility, property tax, payroll and insurance costs. We anticipate continued growth in NOI for the remainder of 2006 as compared to 2005, resulting in overall NOI growth of 8% to 9% for the full year 2006.
Rental and other income increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 due to increased rental rates and occupancy for our Established Communities, coupled with additional rental income generated from newly developed communities.
Overall Portfolio – The weighted average number of occupied apartment homes increased to 36,593 apartment homes for the six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to 35,510 apartment homes for the six months ended June 30, 2005. This increase is primarily the result of increased homes available from newly developed communities and an increase in the overall occupancy rate of Established Communities. The weighted average monthly revenue per occupied apartment home increased to $1,606 in the six months ended June 30, 2006 from $1,517 in the same period of 2005.

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Established Communities – Rental revenue increased $8,571,000, or 6.6%, in the three months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same period of 2005. Rental revenue increased $16,364,000, or 6.4%, in the six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same period of 2005. These increases are due to both increased rental rates and increased economic occupancy as compared to the same period of 2005. For the six months ended June 30, 2006, the weighted average monthly revenue per occupied apartment home increased 5.4% to $1,606 compared to $1,524 for the same period in 2005, primarily due to increased market rents. The average economic occupancy increased from 95.5% during the six months ended June 30, 2005 to 96.5% in the six months ended June 30, 2006. Economic occupancy takes into account the fact that apartment homes of different sizes and locations within a community have different economic impacts on a community’s gross revenue. Economic occupancy is defined as gross potential revenue less vacancy loss, as a percentage of gross potential revenue. Gross potential revenue is determined by valuing occupied homes at leased rates and vacant homes at market rents.
We experienced increases in Established Communities’ rental revenue in all six of our regions in the six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to 2005, which reflects the improved demand/supply fundamentals as previously discussed. The largest increases in rental revenue were in the Pacific Northwest, the Mid-Atlantic and Northern California, with increases of 8.9%, 8.3% and 7.1%, respectively, between years. The Northern California and Northeast regions comprise the majority of our Established Community revenue, and therefore are discussed in more detail below.
Northern California, which accounted for approximately 26.2% of Established Community rental revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2006, experienced an increase in rental revenue of 7.1% in the six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same period of 2005. Average rental rates increased by 5.9% to $1,519 in the six months ended June 30, 2006 and economic occupancy increased 1.2% to 96.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2006. We expect Northern California to see continued improvement in apartment fundamentals, translating into accelerated revenue growth in this region for the remainder of 2006.
The Northeast region, which accounted for approximately 36.7% of Established Community rental revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2006, experienced an increase in rental revenue of 4.7% in the six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same period of 2005. Average rental rates increased by 4.2% to $2,004 during the six months ended June 30, 2006 and economic occupancy increased 0.5% to 96.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2006. We expect continued rental revenue growth in the Northeast during the remainder of 2006, with Northern New Jersey leading the region and Boston, Massachusetts lagging the region in revenue growth.
In accordance with GAAP, cash concessions are amortized as an offset to rental revenue over the approximate lease term, which is generally one year. As a supplemental measure, we also present rental revenue with concessions stated on a cash basis to help investors evaluate the impact of both current and historical concessions on GAAP-based rental revenue and to more readily enable comparisons to revenue as reported by other companies. Rental revenue with concessions stated on a cash basis also allows investors to understand historical trends in cash concessions, as well as current rental market conditions.

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The following table reconciles total rental revenue in conformity with GAAP to total rental revenue adjusted to state concessions on a cash basis for our Established Communities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 (dollars in thousands):
                                 
    For the three months ended     For the six months ended  
    6-30-06     6-30-05     6-30-06     6-30-05  
Rental revenue (GAAP basis)
  $ 138,384     $ 129,813     $ 273,796     $ 257,432  
Concessions amortized
    3,384       5,191       7,398       10,680  
Concessions granted
    (1,755 )     (4,940 )     (3,531 )     (8,847 )
 
                       
 
                               
Rental revenue adjusted to state concessions on a cash basis
  $ 140,013     $ 130,064     $ 277,663     $ 259,265  
 
                       
 
                               
Year-over-year % change — GAAP revenue
    6.6 %     n/a       6.4 %     n/a  
 
                               
Year-over-year % change — cash concession based revenue
    7.6 %     n/a       7.1 %     n/a  
Management, development and other fees increased in the six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same period of 2005 due primarily to increased asset management, property management and redevelopment fees earned from the Fund, which was formed in March 2005.
Direct property operating expenses, excluding property taxes for all communities increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same period of 2005, primarily due to the addition of recently developed apartment homes, coupled with moderate expense increases at our Established Communities.
For Established Communities, direct property operating expenses, excluding property taxes, increased $1,235,000, or 4.3%, and $1,851,000, or 3.3%, to $29,934,000 and $58,560,000 in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, respectively. These increases are primarily due to increases in utility, redecorating, maintenance and payroll costs, partially offset by decreases in marketing and bad debt expenses. We expect to see continued pressure on utilities, insurance and payroll costs during the remainder of 2006. In addition, we anticipate fluctuation in operating expense levels during the remainder of 2006 as a result of seasonality.
Property taxes increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same period of 2005 due to overall higher assessments and the addition of newly developed and redeveloped apartment homes, and are impacted by the size and timing of successful tax appeals in both years.
For Established Communities, property taxes increased by $206,000, or 1.6%, and $767,000, or 3.0% in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2005, due to overall higher assessments throughout all regions, and are impacted by the size and timing of successful tax appeals in both years. We manage property tax increases internally, as well as engage third-party consultants, and appeal increases when appropriate. Property taxes may fluctuate due to the timing and size of successful tax appeals. We expect property taxes to continue to increase during the remainder of 2006 as compared to 2005. However, property tax increases are mitigated for communities in California, where increases in property taxes are limited by law (Proposition 13).
Corporate-level property management and other indirect operating expenses increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same periods of 2005 due to increased compensation and employee development and recognition costs, as well as increased costs relating to corporate initiatives focused on increasing efficiency and enhancing controls at our operating communities.
Investments and investment management reflects the costs incurred related to investment acquisitions, investment management and abandoned pursuit costs, which include costs incurred on development pursuits not yet considered probable for development, as well as the abandonment or impairment of development pursuits, acquisition pursuits and disposition pursuits. Investments and investment management increased

33


 

for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same periods in 2005 due primarily to increased compensation costs and increased staffing related to Fund redevelopment activity, coupled with an increase in abandoned pursuit costs. Abandoned pursuit costs were $1,043,000 and $1,365,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and $146,000 and $366,000 in the three and six months ended June 30, 2005, respectively. Abandoned pursuit costs can be volatile, and the costs incurred in any given period may be widely different in future years.
Interest expense, net (net of interest income) decreased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same periods of the prior year due to decreased interest expense coupled with increased interest income. Interest expense decreased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same periods of 2005 primarily due to higher levels of capitalized interest in connection with our increased development activity and land held for development, as well as lower average outstanding balances on our unsecured credit facility. These decreases in interest expense are partially offset by higher interest rates on variable rate debt in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and the timing of the repayment and re-issuance of unsecured debt in the six months ended June 30, 2005. Interest income increased during the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 due to higher invested cash balances and increased interest rates. In addition, interest income during the six months ended June 30, 2006 includes interest earned on an escrow funded from a disposition in the third quarter of 2005 to perform a tax-deferred exchange. These variances resulted in overall decreases in interest expense, net in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006. We expect interest expense, net to continue to be below 2005 levels for the remainder of 2006.
Depreciation expense increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same period of 2005, primarily due to the completion of development and redevelopment activities, coupled with the timing of depreciation expense for a community previously classified as held for sale.
General and administrative expense (“G&A”) increased in the three months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same period of 2005 primarily due to increased compensation costs, partially offset by the accrual of costs related to various litigation matters during the three months ended June 30, 2005. G&A decreased in the six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same period of 2005 primarily as a result of separation costs related to the departure of a senior executive and the accrual of litigation costs during the six months ended June 30, 2005, that were not present in 2006 expenses, partially offset by increased compensation costs. We expect G&A for the remainder of 2006 to remain consistent with the levels experienced during the six months ended June 30, 2006.
Gain on sale of land during the six months ended June 30, 2006 represents the gain on sale of a land parcel located in the Northern New Jersey area. During the three months ended June 30, 2005, we sold two land parcels, one located in Seattle, Washington and one in the Oakland-East Bay, California area.
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities decreased in the six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same period of 2005 primarily due to the gain recognized in 2005 in the amount of $6,252,000 related to the sale of our investment in Rent.com to eBay.
Minority interest in consolidated partnerships decreased in the six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same period of 2005 due to the conversion of units of limited partnership interest in both periods, thereby reducing outside ownership interests and the allocation of net income to outside ownership interests.
Income from discontinued operations represents the net income generated by communities sold during the period from January 1, 2005 through June 30, 2006. See Note 7, “Discontinued Operations – Real Estate Assets Sold or Held for Sale” of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The decrease in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same period of 2005 is due to the sale of three communities in 2006 and seven communities and one office building in 2005, eliminating the income generated from these assets upon disposition.

34


 

Gain on sale of communities increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same periods of 2005 primarily due to the size of dispositions, coupled with the carrying value of the communities sold. We sold one community in both of the three-month periods ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, and three communities in both of the six-month periods ended June 30, 2006 and 2005. The amount of gain realized in any given reporting period depends on many factors, including the number of communities sold, the size and carrying value of those communities and capitalization rates which are driven by local and national market conditions.
Funds from Operations attributable to common stockholders (“FFO”) is considered by management to be an appropriate supplemental measure of our operating and financial performance because, by excluding gains or losses related to dispositions of previously depreciated property and excluding real estate depreciation, which can vary among owners of identical assets in similar condition based on historical cost accounting and useful life estimates, FFO can help one compare the operating performance of a real estate company between periods or as compared to different companies. We believe that in order to understand our operating results, FFO should be examined with net income as presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income included elsewhere in this report.
Consistent with the definition adopted by the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trustsâ (“NAREIT”), we calculate FFO as net income or loss computed in accordance with GAAP, adjusted for:
  •   gains or losses on sales of previously depreciated operating communities;
 
  •   extraordinary gains or losses (as defined by GAAP);
 
  •   depreciation of real estate assets; and
 
  •   adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.
FFO does not represent net income in accordance with GAAP, and therefore it should not be considered an alternative to net income, which remains the primary measure, as an indication of our performance. In addition, FFO as calculated by other REITs may not be comparable to our calculation of FFO.
The following is a reconciliation of net income to FFO (dollars in thousands, except per share data):
                                 
    For the three months ended     For the six months ended  
    6-30-06     6-30-05     6-30-06     6-30-05  
Net income
  $ 69,969     $ 56,911     $ 184,046     $ 126,521  
Dividends attributable to preferred stock
    (2,175 )     (2,175 )     (4,350 )     (4,350 )
Depreciation — real estate assets, including discontinued operations and joint venture adjustments
    41,609       39,933       81,871       80,884  
Minority interest expense, including discontinued operations
    99       303       198       780  
Gain on sale of previously depreciated real estate assets
    (31,992 )     (22,647 )     (97,411 )     (60,261 )
 
                       
 
                               
Funds from operations attributable to common stockholders
  $ 77,510     $ 72,325     $ 164,354     $ 143,574  
 
                       
 
                               
Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted
    75,361,911       74,589,236       75,285,946       74,417,505  
Earnings per common share — diluted
  $ 0.90     $ 0.74     $ 2.39     $ 1.65  
 
                       
FFO per common share — diluted
  $ 1.03     $ 0.97     $ 2.18     $ 1.93  
 
                       
FFO also does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP, and therefore should not be considered an alternative to net cash flows from operating activities, as determined by GAAP, as a measure of liquidity. Additionally, it is not indicative of cash available to fund cash needs.

35


 

A presentation of GAAP based cash flow metrics is as follows (dollars in thousands) and a discussion of “Liquidity and Capital Resources” can be found below.
                                 
    For the three months ended     For the six months ended  
    6-30-06     6-30-05     6-30-06     6-30-05  
Net cash provided by operating activities
  $ 111,094     $ 76,942     $ 185,006     $ 144,769  
 
                       
Net cash used in investing activities
  $ (137,156 )   $ (64,025 )   $ (52,023 )   $ (36,700 )
 
                       
Net cash used in financing activities
  $ (17,027 )   $ (13,511 )   $ (126,309 )   $ (106,718 )
 
                       
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Factors affecting our liquidity and capital resources are our cash flows from operations, financing activities and investing activities. Operating cash flow has historically been determined by: (i) the number of apartment homes currently owned, (ii) rental rates, (iii) occupancy levels and (iv) operating expenses with respect to apartment homes. The timing, source and amount of cash flow provided by financing activities and used in investing activities are sensitive to the capital markets environment, particularly to changes in interest rates. The timing and type of capital markets activity in which we engage, as well as our plans for development, redevelopment, acquisition and disposition activity, are affected by changes in the capital markets environment, such as changes in interest rates or the availability of cost-effective capital.
We regularly review our liquidity needs, the adequacy of cash flow from operations, and other expected liquidity sources to meet these needs. We believe our principal short-term liquidity needs are to fund:
  •   normal recurring operating expenses;
 
  •   debt service and maturity payments;
 
  •   preferred stock dividends and DownREIT partnership unit distributions;
 
  •   the minimum dividend payments required to maintain our REIT qualification under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986;
 
  •   development and redevelopment activity in which we are currently engaged; and
 
  •   capital calls for the Fund as required.
We anticipate that we can fully satisfy these needs from a combination of cash flow provided by operating activities, proceeds from asset dispositions and borrowing capacity under our variable rate unsecured credit facility, as well as other public or private sources of liquidity.
Cash and cash equivalents totaled $12,780,000 at June 30, 2006, an increase of $6,674,000 from $6,106,000 on December 31, 2005. The following discussion relates to changes in cash due to operating, investing and financing activities, which are presented in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows included elsewhere in this report.
Operating Activities – Net cash provided by operating activities increased to $185,006,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2006 from $144,769,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2005, primarily due to additional NOI from our Established Community operations, as well as NOI from recently developed communities, partially offset by the loss of NOI from the three communities sold since January 1, 2006, as discussed earlier in this report.

36


 

Investing Activities – Net cash used in investing activities of $52,023,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2006 related to investments in assets through development and redevelopment of apartment communities, partially offset by proceeds from asset dispositions. During the six months ended June 30, 2006, we invested $316,251,000 in the purchase and development of real estate and capital expenditures:
  •   We began the development of four new communities. These four communities, if developed as expected, will contain a total of 1,648 apartment homes, and the total capitalized cost, including land acquisition costs, is projected to be approximately $440,500,000. We completed the development of two communities containing a total of 291 apartment homes for a total capitalized cost, including land acquisition cost, of $50,400,000.
 
  •   We began the redevelopment of three communities, which contain an aggregate of 1,573 apartment homes and, if redeveloped as expected, will be completed for a total redevelopment capitalized cost of $26,200,000, excluding costs incurred prior to redevelopment. We completed the redevelopment of one community containing 336 apartment homes for a total capitalized cost of $6,000,000, excluding costs incurred prior to redevelopment.
 
  •   We acquired four parcels of land in connection with Development Rights, for an aggregate purchase price of $39,665,000.
 
  •   We had capital expenditures relating to current communities’ real estate assets of $7,701,000 and non-real estate capital expenditures of $225,000.
Financing Activities – Net cash used in financing activities totaled $126,309,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2006, consisting primarily of dividends paid and repayment of borrowings under our unsecured credit facility, partially offset by the issuance of common stock for option exercises and the issuance of a secured mortgage loan. See Note 3, “Notes Payable, Unsecured Notes and Credit Facility,” and Note 4, “Stockholders’ Equity,” of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional information.
Variable Rate Unsecured Credit Facility
We have a $500,000,000 revolving variable rate unsecured credit facility with JPMorgan Chase Bank and Wachovia Bank, N.A. serving as banks and syndication agents for a syndicate of commercial banks and Bank of America, serving as bank and administrative agent. Under the terms of the credit facility, we may elect to increase the facility by up to an additional $150,000,000, provided that one or more banks (from the syndicate or otherwise) voluntarily agree to provide the additional commitment. No member of the syndicate of banks can prohibit such increase; such an increase in the facility will only be effective to the extent banks (from the syndicate or otherwise) choose to commit to lend additional funds. We pay participating banks, in the aggregate, an annual facility fee of approximately $750,000. The unsecured credit facility bears interest at varying levels based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), rating levels achieved on our unsecured notes and on a maturity schedule selected by us. The current stated pricing is LIBOR plus 0.55% per annum. The stated spread over LIBOR can vary from LIBOR plus 0.50% to LIBOR plus 1.15% based upon the rating of our long-term unsecured debt. In addition, a competitive bid option is available for borrowings of up to $250,000,000. This option allows banks that are part of the lender consortium to bid to provide us loans at a rate that is lower than the stated pricing provided by the unsecured credit facility. The competitive bid option may result in lower pricing than the stated rate if market conditions allow. We had $190,000,000 outstanding balance under this competitive bid option at July 31, 2006. We are subject to (i) certain customary covenants under the unsecured credit facility, including, but not limited to, maintaining certain maximum leverage ratios, a minimum fixed charges coverage ratio and minimum unencumbered assets and equity levels, and (ii) prohibitions on paying dividends in amounts that exceed 95% of our FFO, except as may be required to maintain our REIT status. The credit facility matures in May 2008, assuming our exercise of a one-year renewal option. We are currently evaluating the possibility of entering into a new expanded credit facility with lower pricing and additional capacity. However, there is no guarantee that such a credit facility will be obtained. At July 31, 2006, $252,000,000 was outstanding, $40,425,000 was used to provide letters of credit and $207,575,000 was available for borrowing under the unsecured credit facility.

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Future Financing and Capital Needs – Debt Maturities
One of our principal long-term liquidity needs is the repayment of long-term debt at the time that such debt matures. For unsecured notes, we anticipate that no significant portion of the principal of these notes will be repaid prior to maturity. If we do not have funds on hand sufficient to repay our indebtedness as it becomes due, it will be necessary for us to refinance the debt. This refinancing may be accomplished by
uncollateralized private or public debt offerings, additional debt financing that is collateralized by mortgages on individual communities or groups of communities, draws on our unsecured credit facility or by additional equity offerings. Although we believe we will have the capacity to meet our long-term liquidity needs, we cannot assure you that additional debt financing or debt or equity offerings will be available or, if available, that they will be on terms we consider satisfactory.
The table below details debt maturities for the next five years, excluding our unsecured credit facility, for debt outstanding at June 30, 2006 (dollars in thousands).
                                                                                 
    All-In     Principal              
    interest     maturity     Balance outstanding     Scheduled maturities  
Community   rate (1)     date     12-31-05     6-30-06     2006     2007     2008     2009     2010     Thereafter  
Tax-exempt bonds
                                                                               
Fixed rate
                                                                               
CountryBrook
    6.30 %   Mar-2012   $ 16,586     $ 16,295     $ 305     $ 634     $ 676     $ 719     $ 766     $ 13,195  
Avalon at Symphony Glen
    4.90 %   Jul-2024     9,780       9,780       —       —       —       —       —       9,780  
Avalon View
    7.55 %   Aug-2024     16,465       16,230       250       518       555       595       635       13,677  
Avalon at Lexington
    6.55 %   Feb-2025     12,834       12,653       217       391       415       441       469       10,720  
Avalon at Nob Hill
    5.80 %   Jun-2025     18,494       18,308  (2)     —       —       —       —       —       18,308  
Avalon Campbell
    6.48 %   Jun-2025     33,614       33,202  (2)     —       —       —       —       —       33,202  
Avalon Pacifica
    6.48 %   Jun-2025     15,247       15,061  (2)     —       —       —       —       —       15,061  
Avalon Knoll
    6.95 %   Jun-2026     12,239       12,100       143       302       324       347       371       10,613  
Avalon Landing
    6.85 %   Jun-2026     6,044       5,975       72       152       162       173       185       5,231  
Avalon Fields
    7.55 %   May-2027     10,705       10,596       111       239       256       275       295       9,420  
Avalon West
    7.73 %   Dec-2036     8,259       8,220       48       85       91       98       105       7,793  
Avalon Oaks
    7.45 %   Jul-2041     17,324       17,265       61       128       137       147       157       16,635  
Avalon Oaks West
    7.48 %   Apr-2043     17,145       17,092       56       117       125       133       142       16,519  
 
                                                               
 
                    194,736       192,777       1,263       2,566       2,741       2,928       3,125       180,154  
Variable rate (3)
                                                                               
The Promenade
    5.78 %   Oct-2010     32,100       31,803       307       652       701       755       29,388       —  
Waterford
    4.44 %   Jul-2014     33,100       33,100  (4)     —       —       —       —       —       33,100  
Avalon at Mountain View
    4.44 %   Feb-2017     18,300       18,300  (4)     —       —       —       —       —       18,300  
Avalon at Foxchase I
    4.44 %   Nov-2017     16,800       16,800  (4)     —       —       —       —       —       16,800  
Avalon at Foxchase II
    4.44 %   Nov-2017     9,600       9,600  (4)     —       —       —       —       —       9,600  
Avalon at Mission Viejo
    4.95 %   Jun-2025     7,635       7,635  (4)     —       —       —       —       —       7,635  
Avalon at Nob Hill
    3.96 %   Jun-2025     2,306       2,492  (2)     —       —       —       —       —       2,492  
Avalon Campbell
    3.96 %   Jun-2025     5,186       5,598  (2)     —       —       —       —       —       5,598  
Avalon Pacifica
    3.96 %   Jun-2025     2,353       2,539  (2)     —       —       —       —       —       2,539  
Avalon at Fairway Hills I
    4.98 %   Jun-2026     11,500       11,500       —       —       —       —       —       11,500  
 
                                                               
 
                    138,880       139,367       307       652       701       755       29,388       107,564  
Conventional loans (5)
                                                                               
Fixed rate
                                                                               
$150 Million unsecured notes
    6.93 %   Jul-2006     150,000       150,000       150,000       —       —       —       —       —  
$150 Million unsecured notes
    5.18 %   Aug-2007     150,000       150,000       —       150,000       —       —       —       —  
$110 Million unsecured notes
    7.13 %   Dec-2007     110,000       110,000       —       110,000       —       —       —       —  
$50 Million unsecured notes
    6.63 %   Jan-2008     50,000       50,000       —       —       50,000       —       —       —  
$146 Million unsecured notes
    8.38 %   Jul-2008     150,000       146,000       —       —       146,000       —       —       —  
$150 Million unsecured notes
    7.63 %   Aug-2009     150,000       150,000       —       —       —       150,000       —       —  
$200 Million unsecured notes
    7.67 %   Dec-2010     200,000       200,000       —       —       —       —       200,000       —  
$300 Million unsecured notes
    6.79 %   Sep-2011     300,000       300,000       —       —       —       —       —       300,000  
$50 Million unsecured notes
    6.31 %   Sep-2011     50,000       50,000       —       —       —       —       —       50,000  
$250 Million unsecured notes
    6.26 %   Nov-2012     250,000       250,000       —       —       —       —       —       250,000  
$100 Million unsecured notes
    5.11 %   Mar-2013     100,000       100,000       —       —       —       —       —       100,000  
$150 Million unsecured notes
    5.52 %   Apr-2014     150,000       150,000       —       —       —       —       —       150,000  
Wheaton Development Right
    6.99 %   Oct-2008     4,589       4,552       38       82       4,432       —       —       —  
4600 Eisenhower Avenue
    8.08 %   Apr-2009     4,504       4,454       51       110       118       4,175       —       —  
Twinbrook Development Right
    7.25 %   Oct-2011     8,379       8,291       92       192       207       222       239       7,339  
Avalon at Tysons West
    5.55 %   Jul-2028     6,681       6,608       73       155       162       173       183       5,862  
Avalon Orchards
    7.65 %   Jul-2033     20,136       20,011       129       271       290       311       333       18,677  
 
                                                               
 
                    1,854,289       1,849,916       150,383       260,810       201,209       154,881       200,755       881,878  
Variable rate (3)
                                                                               
Avalon Del Rey
    6.85 %   Sep-2007     32,547       39,952       —       39,952       —       —       —       —  
Avalon Ledges
    6.23 %   May-2009     19,290       18,945  (4)     470       651       688       17,136       —       —  
Avalon at Flanders Hill
    6.23 %   May-2009     21,935       21,595  (4)     534       742       784       19,535       —       —  
Avalon at Newton Highlands
    6.17 %   May-2009     38,905       38,285  (4)     852       1,329       1,397       34,707       —       —  
Avalon at Crane Brook
    6.14 %   Apr-2011     —       34,000  (4)     707       988       1,045       1,106       1,169       28,985  
 
                                                               
 
                    112,677       152,777       2,563       43,662       3,914       72,484       1,169       28,985  
 
                                                                               
Total indebtedness — excluding unsecured credit facility
                  $ 2,300,582     $ 2,334,837     $ 154,516     $ 307,690     $ 208,565     $ 231,048     $ 234,437     $ 1,198,581  
 
                                                               
 
(1)   Includes credit enhancement fees, facility fees, trustees’ fees and other fees.
 
(2)   Financed by variable rate, tax-exempt debt, but the interest rate on a portion of this debt is effectively fixed at June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005 through a swap agreement. The portion of the debt fixed through a swap agreement decreases (and therefore the variable portion of the debt increases) monthly as payments are made to a principal reserve fund.

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(3)   Variable rates are given as of June 30, 2006.
(4)   Financed by variable rate debt, but interest rate is capped through an interest rate protection agreement.
(5)   Balances outstanding represent total amounts due at maturity, and are not net of $786 and $818 of debt discount as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively, as reflected in unsecured notes on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets included elsewhere in this report.
Future Financing and Capital Needs – Portfolio and Other Activity
As of June 30, 2006, we had 17 communities under construction, for which a total estimated cost of $785,600,000 remained to be invested. In addition, we had two consolidated communities in redevelopment, for which a total estimated cost of $14,810,000 remained to be invested. Substantially all of the capital expenditures necessary to complete the communities currently under construction and reconstruction, as well as development costs related to pursuing Development Rights, will be funded from:
  •   the remaining capacity under our current $500,000,000 unsecured credit facility, or a replacement facility;
 
  •   the net proceeds from sales of existing communities;
 
  •   retained operating cash;
 
  •   the issuance of debt or equity securities; and/or
 
  •   private equity funding.
Before planned reconstruction activity, including reconstruction activity related to the Fund as discussed below, or the construction of a Development Right begins, we intend to arrange adequate financing to complete these undertakings, although we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain such financing. In the event that financing cannot be obtained, we may have to abandon Development Rights, write-off associated pre-development costs that were capitalized and/or forego reconstruction activity. In such instances, we will not realize the increased revenues and earnings that we expected from such Development Rights or reconstruction activity and significant losses could be incurred.
We have invested in the Fund, a private, discretionary investment vehicle that acquires and operates apartment communities in our markets. The Fund will serve, until March 16, 2008 or until 80% of its committed capital is invested, as the exclusive vehicle through which we will invest in the acquisition of apartment communities, subject to certain exceptions. These exceptions include significant individual asset and portfolio acquisitions, properties acquired in tax-deferred transactions and acquisitions that are inadvisable or inappropriate for the Fund, if any. The Fund will not restrict our development activities, and will terminate after a term of eight years, subject to two one-year extensions. The Fund has nine institutional investors, including us, with combined capital commitments of $330,000,000. A significant portion of the investments made in the Fund by its investors are being made through AvalonBay Value Added Fund, Inc., a Maryland corporation that will qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code (the “Fund REIT”). A wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company is the general partner of the Fund and has committed $50,000,000 to the Fund and the Fund REIT (of which approximately $22,900,000 has been invested as of July 31, 2006) representing a 15.2% combined general partner and limited partner equity interest. Under the Fund documents, the Fund has the ability to employ leverage through debt financings up to 65% on a portfolio basis, which, if achieved, would enable the Fund to invest up to $940,000,000 (of which approximately $420,000,000 has been invested as of July 31, 2006). We currently expect that leverage of less than 65% will be employed, reducing the projected investment value to between $850,000,000 and $900,000,000.
From time to time we use joint ventures to hold or develop individual real estate assets. We generally employ joint ventures primarily to mitigate asset concentration or market risk and secondarily, as a source of liquidity. We may also use joint ventures related to mixed-use land development opportunities where our partners bring development and operational expertise to the venture. Each joint venture or partnership agreement has been and will continue to be individually negotiated, and our ability to operate and/or dispose of a community in our sole discretion may be limited to varying degrees depending on the terms

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of the joint venture or partnership agreement. However, we cannot assure you that we will achieve our objectives through joint ventures.
In evaluating our allocation of capital within our markets, we sell assets that do not meet our long-term investment criteria or when capital and real estate markets allow us to realize a portion of the value created over the past business cycle and redeploy the proceeds from those sales to develop and redevelop communities. In response to real estate and capital markets conditions, we sold three communities with net proceeds in the aggregate of approximately $179,000,000 from January 1, 2006 through July 31, 2006. Because the proceeds from the sale of communities may not be immediately redeployed into revenue generating assets, the immediate effect of a sale of a community for a gain is to increase net income, but reduce future total revenues, total expenses and NOI. However, the absence of future cash flows from communities sold will have a minimal impact on our ability to fund future liquidity and capital resource needs.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
We own interests in unconsolidated real estate entities, with ownership interests up to 50%. Four of these unconsolidated real estate entities, Avalon Terrace, LLC, CVP I, LLC, MVP I, LLC and the Fund, have debt outstanding as of June 30, 2006 as follows. Additional discussion of these entities can be found in Note 6, “Investments in Unconsolidated Entities,” of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements located elsewhere in this report.
  •   Avalon Terrace, LLC – Avalon Terrace, LLC, the entity that owns and operates Avalon Bedford, has $37,200,000 of fixed rate debt which matures in November 2010 and is payable by the unconsolidated real estate entity with operating cash flow from the underlying real estate. We have not guaranteed the debt on Avalon Terrace, LLC, nor do we have any obligation to fund this debt should the unconsolidated real estate entity be unable to do so.
 
  •   CVP I, LLC – CVP I, LLC has outstanding bonds in the amount of $117,000,000 which mature in February 2009, assuming exercise of two one-year renewal options, and are payable by the unconsolidated real estate entity. In connection with the general contractor services that we provided to CVP I, LLC, the entity that owns and developed Avalon Chrystie Place I, we have provided a construction completion guarantee to the lender in order to fulfill their standard financing requirements related to the bond financing. Our obligations under this guarantee will terminate upon refinancing of the outstanding bonds, which we currently expect to occur in 2006. Construction of Avalon Chrystie Place I has been completed, and therefore there are no payments that we would be required to make under the construction completion guarantee. No liability has been recorded related to this construction completion guarantee as of June 30, 2006. In addition, the estimated fair value of this guarantee is not significant, and we have therefore not recorded the fair value of this guarantee as of June 30, 2006.
 
  •   MVP I, LLC – MVP I, LLC has a construction loan in the amount of $94,400,000 (of which $60,008,000 is outstanding as of June 30, 2006), which matures in September 2010, assuming exercise of two one-year renewal options, and is payable by the unconsolidated real estate entity. In connection with the general contractor services that we provide to MVP I, LLC, the entity that owns and is developing Avalon at Mission Bay North II, we have provided a construction completion guarantee to the lender in order to fulfill their standard financing requirements related to the construction financing. Our obligations under this guarantee will terminate following construction completion once all of the lender’s standard completion requirements have been satisfied, which we currently expect to occur in 2007. Construction of Avalon at Mission Bay North II is proceeding on schedule and on budget, and therefore there are no payments that we would be required to make under the construction completion guarantee. No liability has been recorded related to this construction completion guarantee as of June 30, 2006. In addition, the estimated

40


 

      fair value of this guarantee is not significant, and we have therefore not recorded the fair value of this guarantee as of June 30, 2006.
 
  •   The Fund – The Fund has eight mortgage loans with amounts outstanding in the aggregate of $136,334,000. These mortgage loans have varying maturity dates (or dates after which the loans can be prepaid), ranging from February 2008 to February 2014. These mortgage loans are secured by the underlying real estate. In addition, the Fund has a credit facility with $67,000,000 outstanding as of June 30, 2006, which matures in January 2008. The mortgage loans and the credit facility are payable by the Fund with operating cash flow from the underlying real estate, and the credit facility is secured by capital commitments. We have not guaranteed the debt of the Fund, nor do we have any obligation to fund this debt should the Fund be unable to do so.
 
      In addition, as part of the formation of the Fund, we have provided to one of the limited partners a guarantee. The guarantee provides that, if, upon final liquidation of the Fund, the total amount of all distributions to that partner during the life of the Fund (whether from operating cash flow or property sales) does not equal a minimum of the total capital contributions made by that partner, then we will pay the partner an amount equal to the shortfall, but in no event more than 10% of the total capital contributions made by the partner (maximum of approximately $3,400,000 as of June 30, 2006). As of June 30, 2006, the fair value of the real estate assets owned by the Fund is considered adequate to cover such potential payment to that partner under a liquidation scenario. In addition, the estimated fair value of this guarantee is not significant, and we have therefore not recorded the fair value of this guarantee as of June 30, 2006.
 
  •   PHVP I, LLC – In connection with the pursuit of a Development Right in Pleasant Hill, California, $125,000,000 in bond financing was issued by the Contra Costa County Redevelopment Agency (the “Agency”) in connection with the possible future construction of a multifamily rental community by PHVP I, LLC. The bond proceeds were immediately invested in their entirety in a guaranteed investment contract (“GIC”) administered by a trustee. This Development Right is planned as a mixed-use development, with residential, for-sale, retail and office components. The bond proceeds will remain in the GIC until at least June 1, 2007, but no later than December 5, 2007, at which time a loan will be made to PHVP I, LLC to fund construction of the multifamily portion of the development, or the bonds will be redeemed by the Agency. Although we do not have any equity or economic interest in PHVP I, LLC at this time, we do have an option to make a capital contribution to PHVP I, LLC in exchange for a 99% general partner interest in the entity. Should we decide not to exercise this option, the bonds will be redeemed, and a loan will not be made to PHVP I, LLC. The bonds are payable from the proceeds of the GIC and are non-recourse to both PHVP I, LLC and to us. There is no loan payable outstanding by PHVP I, LLC as of June 30, 2006.
 
      In addition, as part of providing construction management services to PHVP I, LLC for the construction of a public garage, we have provided a construction completion guarantee to the related lender in order to fulfill their standard financing requirements related to the garage construction financing. Our obligations under this guarantee will terminate following construction completion of the garage once all of the lender’s standard completion requirements have been satisfied, which we currently expect to occur in 2007. Construction of the garage is proceeding on schedule and on budget, and therefore there are no payments that we would be required to make under the construction completion guarantee. No liability has been recorded related to this construction completion guarantee as of June 30, 2006. In addition, the estimated fair value of this guarantee is not significant, and we have therefore not recorded the fair value of this guarantee as of June 30, 2006.
There are no other lines of credit, side agreements, financial guarantees or any other derivative financial instruments related to or between us and our unconsolidated real estate entities. In evaluating our capital structure and overall leverage, management takes into consideration our proportionate share of this unconsolidated debt.

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Contractual Obligations
We currently have contractual obligations consisting primarily of long-term debt obligations and lease obligations for certain land parcels and office space. There have not been any material changes outside the ordinary course of business to our contractual obligations during the six months ended June 30, 2006.
Development Communities
As of June 30, 2006, we had 17 Development Communities under construction. We expect these Development Communities, when completed, to add a total of 5,419 apartment homes to our portfolio for a total projected capitalized cost, including land acquisition costs and portions in which joint venture partners hold an equity or economic interest, of approximately $1,412,000,000, and expect this amount to exceed $1,500,000,000 during 2006. You should carefully review the discussion under Item 1a., “Risk Factors,” of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 for a discussion of risks associated with development activity.
The following table presents a summary of the Development Communities. We hold a direct or indirect fee simple ownership interest in these communities except where noted.
                                 
            Total                
    Number of   capitalized                
    apartment   cost (1)   Construction   Initial   Estimated   Estimated
    homes   ($ millions)   start   occupancy (2)   completion   stabilization (3)
1. Avalon Del Rey (4)
   Los Angeles, CA
    309       $    70.0     Q2 2004   Q1 2006   Q3 2006   Q1 2007
2. Avalon Camarillo
   Camarillo, CA
    249       47.2     Q2 2004   Q1 2006   Q3 2006   Q1 2007
3. Avalon Wilshire
   Los Angeles, CA
    123       46.6     Q1 2005   Q4 2006   Q1 2007   Q3 2007
4. Avalon at Mission Bay North II (5)
   San Francisco, CA
    313       116.2     Q1 2005   Q3 2006   Q1 2007   Q3 2007
5. Avalon Chestnut Hill
   Chestnut Hill, MA
    204       60.6     Q2 2005   Q4 2006   Q1 2007   Q3 2007
6. Avalon at Decoverly II
   Rockville, MD
    196       30.5     Q3 2005   Q2 2006   Q2 2007   Q4 2007
7. Avalon Lyndhurst (6)
   Lyndhurst, NJ
    328       78.8     Q3 2005   Q1 2007   Q4 2007   Q2 2008
8. Avalon Shrewsbury
   Shrewsbury, MA
    251       36.1     Q3 2005   Q2 2006   Q2 2007   Q4 2007
9. Avalon Riverview North
   New York, NY
    602       175.6     Q3 2005   Q3 2007   Q3 2008   Q1 2009
10. Avalon Chrystie Place II
   New York, NY
    206       100.8     Q4 2005   Q4 2006   Q1 2007   Q3 2007
11. Avalon at Glen Cove North
   Glen Cove, NY
    111       42.4     Q4 2005   Q2 2007   Q3 2007   Q1 2008
12. Avalon Danvers
   Danvers, MA
    433       84.8     Q4 2005   Q1 2007   Q2 2008   Q4 2008
13. Avalon Woburn
   Woburn, MA
    446       81.9     Q4 2005   Q4 2006   Q1 2008   Q3 2008
14. Avalon on the Sound II
   New Rochelle, NY
    588       184.2     Q1 2006   Q3 2007   Q3 2008   Q1 2009
15. Avalon Meydenbauer
   Bellevue, WA
    368       84.3     Q1 2006   Q4 2007   Q3 2008   Q1 2009
16. Avalon at Dublin Station I
   Dublin, CA
    305       85.8     Q2 2006   Q3 2007   Q2 2008   Q4 2008
17. Avalon at Lexington Hills
   Lexington, MA
    387       86.2     Q2 2006   Q2 2007   Q3 2008   Q1 2009
 
                               
 
                               
   Total
    5,419       $1,412.0                  
 
                               
 
(1)   Total capitalized cost includes all capitalized costs projected to be or actually incurred to develop the respective Development Community, determined in accordance with GAAP, including land acquisition costs, construction costs, real estate taxes, capitalized interest and loan fees, permits, professional fees, allocated development overhead and other regulatory fees. Total capitalized cost for communities identified as having joint venture ownership, either during construction or upon construction completion, represents the total projected joint venture contribution amount.

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(2)   Future initial occupancy dates are estimates.
 
(3)   Stabilized operations is defined as the earlier of (i) attainment of 95% or greater physical occupancy or (ii) the one-year anniversary of completion of development.
 
(4)   The community is currently owned by a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, will be financed, in part or in whole, by a construction loan, and is subject to a joint venture agreement that allows for a joint venture partner to be admitted upon construction completion.
 
(5)   This community is being developed under a joint venture structure. We hold a 25% equity interest in this joint venture and we anticipate that approximately 80% of the total capitalized cost will be financed through a construction loan. Our portion of the total capitalized cost of this joint venture is projected to be $29,100,000 including community-based debt.
 
(6)   We recently determined that soil at our Avalon Lyndhurst development site was contaminated from imported fill delivered to the site by third parties. The contaminants exceeded allowable levels for residential use under New Jersey state and local regulations, and we are in the process of remediating the site as required. As a result, we estimate that the cost to complete construction of this community, including costs associated with construction delays, may increase by approximately $10.0 million. We are pursuing the recovery of these additional costs through our insurance as well as the third parties involved, but no assurance can be given as to the amount or timing of reimbursements to us. Given the uncertainty of costs and potential recoveries, the total capitalized cost cited above does not reflect the potential impact of any additional costs associated with this remediation effort, or any potential recoveries.
Redevelopment Communities
As of June 30, 2006, we had two consolidated communities under redevelopment. We expect the total capitalized cost to redevelop these communities to be approximately $18,700,000, excluding costs prior to redevelopment. In addition, the Fund has one community under redevelopment. We have found that the cost to redevelop an existing apartment community is more difficult to budget and estimate than the cost to develop a new community. Accordingly, we expect that actual costs may vary from our budget by a wider range than for a new development community. We cannot assure you that we will meet our schedule for reconstruction completion or restabilized operations, or that we will meet our budgeted costs, either individually or in the aggregate. We anticipate increasing our redevelopment activity related to Fund-owned communities, as well as communities in our current operating portfolio. You should carefully review the discussion under Item 1a., “Risk Factors,” of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 for a discussion of risks associated with redevelopment activity.
The following presents a summary of these Redevelopment Communities:
                                     
            Total cost            
    Number of   ($ millions)       Estimated   Estimated
    apartment   Pre-redevelopment   Total capitalized   Reconstruction   reconstruction   restabilized
    homes   cost   cost (1)   start   completion   operations (2)
1. 200 Arlington Place
   Arlington Heights, IL
    409       $ 50.2       $ 57.1     Q1 2006   Q1 2007   Q3 2007
2. Avalon Walk I and II (3)
   Hamden, CT
    764       59.4       71.2     Q1 2006   Q4 2007   Q2 2008
3. Ravenswood at the Park (4)
   Redmond, WA
    400       49.2       56.7     Q2 2006   Q4 2007   Q2 2008
 
                                   
 
                                   
   Total
    1,573       $158.8       $185.0              
 
                                   
 
(1)   Total capitalized cost includes all capitalized costs projected to be incurred to redevelop the respective Redevelopment Community, including costs to acquire the community, reconstruction costs, real estate taxes, capitalized interest and loan fees, permits, professional fees, allocated redevelopment overhead and other regulatory fees determined in accordance with GAAP.
 
(2)   Restabilized operations is defined as the earlier of (i) attainment of 95% or greater physical occupancy or (ii) the one-year anniversary of completion of redevelopment.
 
(3)   This community was developed by a predecessor of the Company. Phase I was completed in Q3 1992 and Phase II was completed in Q3 1994.

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(4)   This community was acquired in Q4 2004 and was transferred to a subsidiary of the Fund in Q1 2005, reducing the Company’s indirect equity interest in the community to 15%.
Development Rights
As of June 30, 2006, we are evaluating the future development of 49 new apartment communities on land that is either owned by us, under contract, subject to a leasehold interest or for which we hold a purchase option. We prefer to hold Development Rights through options to acquire land, although for 20 of the Development Rights we currently own the land on which a community would be built if we proceeded with development. The Development Rights range from those beginning design and architectural planning to those that have completed site plans and drawings and can begin construction almost immediately. We estimate that the successful completion of all of these communities would ultimately add 11,996 apartment homes to our portfolio. Substantially all of these apartment homes will offer features like those offered by the communities we currently own. At June 30, 2006, there were cumulative capitalized costs (including legal fees, design fees and related overhead costs, but excluding land costs) of $30,625,000 relating to Development Rights that we consider probable for future development. In addition, land costs related to the pursuit of Development Rights (consisting of original land and additional carrying costs) of $208,810,000 are reflected as land held for development on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2006.
The properties comprising the Development Rights are in different stages of the due diligence and regulatory approval process. The decisions as to which of the Development Rights to invest in, if any, or to continue to pursue once an investment in a Development Right is made, are business judgments that we make after we perform financial, demographic and other analyses. In the event that we do not proceed with a Development Right, we generally would not recover capitalized costs incurred in the pursuit of those communities, unless we were to recover amounts in connection with the sale of land; however, we cannot guarantee a recovery. Pre-development costs incurred in the pursuit of Development Rights for which future development is not yet considered probable are expensed as incurred. In addition, if the status of a Development Right changes, deeming future development no longer probable, any capitalized pre-development costs are written-off with a charge to expense.
You should carefully review the discussion under Item 1a., “Risk Factors,” of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 for a discussion of risks associated with Development Rights we are currently pursuing.

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The table below presents a summary of these Development Rights:
                                 
                            Total
                    Estimated   capitalized
                    number   cost
        Location           of homes   ($ millions) (1)
  1.    
New York, NY Phase III
    (2 )     90     $    62  
  2.    
Encino, CA
    (2 )     131       61  
  3.    
Canoga Park, CA
    (2 )     210       52  
  4.    
Acton, MA
            380       71  
  5.    
White Plains, NY
            393       146  
  6.    
Hingham, MA
    (2 )     235       44  
  7.    
New York, NY
            296       121  
  8.    
Kirkland, WA Phase II
    (2 )     176       53  
  9.    
Coram, NY
    (2 )     200       47  
  10.    
Wilton, CT
    (2 )     100       24  
  11.    
Tinton Falls, NJ
            216       41  
  12.    
Northborough, MA
            350       60  
  13.    
Irvine, CA
    (2 )     280       76  
  14.    
Sharon, MA
            156       26  
  15.    
Norwalk, CT
            314       63  
  16.    
Andover, MA
    (2 )     115       21  
  17.    
Union City, CA Phase I
    (2 )     272       74  
  18.    
Union City, CA Phase II
    (2 )     166       46  
  19.    
Brooklyn, NY
            409       204  
  20.    
Milford, CT
    (2 )     284       45  
  21.    
West Long Branch, NJ
    (3 )     216       36  
  22.    
Greenburgh, NY Phase II
            444       112  
  23.    
West Haven, CT
            170       23  
  24.    
Plainview, NY
            160       38  
  25.    
Shelton, CT II
            171       34  
  26.    
Oyster Bay, NY
            273       69  
  27.    
Hackensack, NJ
            210       47  
  28.    
Gaithersburg, MD
            254       41  
  29.    
Highland Park, NJ
            285       67  
  30.    
Shelton, CT
            302       49  
  31.    
Wanaque, NJ
            200       33  
  32.    
Pleasant Hill, CA
    (4 )     449       153  
  33.    
Cohasset, MA
    (2 )     200       38  
  34.    
Quincy, MA
    (2 )     146       24  
  35.    
Plymouth, MA Phase II
            81       17  
  36.    
Dublin, CA Phase II
            200       52  
  37.    
Dublin, CA Phase III
            205       53  
  38.    
San Francisco, CA
            152       40  
  39.    
Howell, NJ
            265       42  
  40.    
Wheaton, MD
    (2 )     320       56  
  41.    
Camarillo, CA
            376       55  
  42.    
Stratford, CT
    (2 )     146       23  
  43.    
Alexandria, VA
    (2 )     282       56  
  44.    
Saddle Brook, NJ
            300       55  
  45.    
Yaphank, NY
    (2 )     344       57  
  46.    
Garden City, NY
            160       58  
  47.    
Tysons Corner, VA
    (2 )     439       101  
  48.    
Camarillo, CA II
            233       57  
  49.    
Rockville, MD
    (2 )     240       46  
       
 
                       
       
Total
            11,996       $2,869  
       
 
                       

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(1)   Total capitalized cost includes all capitalized costs incurred to date (if any) and projected to be incurred to develop the respective community, determined in accordance with GAAP, including land acquisition costs, construction costs, real estate taxes, capitalized interest and loan fees, permits, professional fees, allocated development overhead and other regulatory fees.
 
(2)   We own the land parcel, but construction has not yet begun.
 
(3)   This community will be subject to a joint venture ownership structure.
 
(4)   This Development Right is subject to a joint venture arrangement. In connection with the pursuit of this Development Right, $125.0 million in bond financing was issued and immediately invested in a guaranteed investment contract (“GIC”) administered by a trustee. We do not have any equity or economic interest in the joint venture entity at this time, but we have an option to make a capital contribution to the joint venture entity for a 99% general partner interest. If we exercise this option, the bond proceeds will be released from the GIC and used for future construction of the Development Right. However, if we decide not to exercise this option, the bond proceeds will be released and returned to the issuer to redeem the bonds.
Insurance and Risk of Uninsured Losses
We carry commercial general liability insurance and property insurance with respect to all of our communities. These policies, and other insurance policies we carry, have policy specifications, insured limits and deductibles that we consider commercially reasonable. There are, however, certain types of losses (such as losses arising from acts of war) that are not insured, in full or in part, because they are either uninsurable or the cost of insurance makes it, in management’s view, economically impractical. You should carefully review the discussion under Item 1a., “Risk Factors,” of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 for a discussion of risks associated with an uninsured property or liability loss.
Many of our West Coast communities are located in the general vicinity of active earthquake faults. A large concentration of our communities lie near, and thus are susceptible to, the major fault lines in California, including the San Andreas fault and the Hayward fault. We cannot assure you that an earthquake would not cause damage or losses greater than insured levels. We have in place with respect to communities located in California, for any single occurrence and in the aggregate, $75,000,000 of coverage with a deductible per building equal to five percent of the insured value of that building. The five percent deductible is subject to a minimum of $100,000 per occurrence. Earthquake coverage outside of California is subject to a $100,000,000 limit, except with respect to the state of Washington, for which the limit is $65,000,000. Our earthquake insurance outside of California provides for a $100,000 deductible per occurrence. In addition, up to a policy aggregate of $2,000,000, the next $400,000 of loss per occurrence outside California will be treated as an additional deductible.
We renewed the first $15,000,000 layer of our property insurance policy on May 1, 2006. Although the remaining layers on this policy were scheduled to renew on December 1, 2006, we elected to renew most of these layers so that they will now expire on May 1, 2007, in order to mitigate the risk of cost escalation and align the renewal date for the upper layers with the renewal date for the primary layer.
Our annual general liability policy and workman’s compensation coverage renewed on August 1, 2006. We have completed our negotiations with the incumbent carrier and the insurance coverage provided for in these renewal policies did not materially change from the preceding year.
Just as with office buildings, transportation systems and government buildings, there have been reports that apartment communities could become targets of terrorism. In December 2005, Congress passed the Terrorism Risk Insurance Extension Act (“TRIEA”) which is designed to make terrorism insurance available. In connection with this legislation, we have purchased insurance for property damage due to terrorism up to $200,000,000. Additionally, we have purchased insurance for certain terrorist acts, not covered under TRIEA, such as domestic-based terrorism. This insurance, often referred to as “non-certified” terrorism insurance, is subject to deductibles, limits and exclusions. Our general liability policy provides TRIEA coverage (subject to deductibles and insured limits) for liability to third parties that result from terrorist acts at our communities. TRIEA is scheduled to expire on December 31, 2007. It is

46


 

uncertain if Congress will extend this act and continue to provide federal support for terrorism insurance. If Congress does not extend TRIEA, the cost and availability of terrorism insurance may be in question.
Mold growth may occur when excessive moisture accumulates in buildings or on building materials, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or is not addressed over a period of time. Although the occurrence of mold at multifamily and other structures, and the need to remediate such mold, is not a new phenomenon, there has been increased awareness in recent years that certain molds may in some instances lead to adverse health effects, including allergic or other reactions. To help limit mold growth, we educate residents about the importance of adequate ventilation and request or require that they notify us when they see mold or excessive moisture. We have established procedures for promptly addressing and remediating mold or excessive moisture from apartment homes when we become aware of its presence regardless of whether we or the resident believe a health risk is present. However, we cannot assure that mold or excessive moisture will be detected and remediated in a timely manner. If a significant mold problem arises at one of our communities, we could be required to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the mold from the affected community and could be exposed to other liabilities. We cannot assure that we will have coverage under our existing policies for property damage or liability to third parties arising as a result of exposure to mold or a claim of exposure to mold at one of our communities.
Inflation and Deflation
Substantially all of our apartment leases are for a term of one year or less. In an inflationary environment, this may allow us to realize increased rents upon renewal of existing leases or the beginning of new leases. Short-term leases generally minimize our risk from the adverse effects of inflation, although these leases generally permit residents to leave at the end of the lease term and therefore expose us to the effect of a decline in market rents. In a deflationary rent environment, we may be exposed to declining rents more quickly under these shorter term leases.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” as that term is defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You can identify forward-looking statements by our use of the words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “assume,” “project,” “plan,” “may,” “shall,” “will” and other similar expressions in this Form 10-Q, that predict or indicate future events and trends and that do not report historical matters. These statements include, among other things, statements regarding our intent, belief or expectations with respect to:
  •   our potential development, redevelopment, acquisition or disposition of communities;
 
  •   the timing and cost of completion of apartment communities under construction, reconstruction, development or redevelopment;
 
  •   the timing of lease-up, occupancy and stabilization of apartment communities;
 
  •   the pursuit of land on which we are considering future development;
 
  •   the anticipated operating performance of our communities;
 
  •   cost, yield and earnings estimates;
 
  •   our declaration or payment of distributions;
 
  •   our joint venture and discretionary fund activities;
 
  •   our policies regarding investments, indebtedness, acquisitions, dispositions, financings and other matters;
 
  •   our qualification as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code;
 
  •   the real estate markets in Northern and Southern California and markets in selected states in the Mid-Atlantic, Northeast, Midwest and Pacific Northwest regions of the United States and in general;
 
  •   the availability of debt and equity financing;
 
  •   interest rates;
 
  •   general economic conditions; and

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  •   trends affecting our financial condition or results of operations.
We cannot assure the future results or outcome of the matters described in these statements; rather, these statements merely reflect our current expectations of the approximate outcomes of the matters discussed. You should not rely on forward-looking statements because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. These risks, uncertainties and other factors may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from the anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. You should carefully review the discussion under Item 1a, “Risk Factors,” of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 for a discussion of risks associated with forward-looking statements.
In addition, these forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this report. We do not undertake to update these forward-looking statements, and therefore they may not represent our estimates and assumptions after the date of this report.
Some of the factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following:
  •   we may fail to secure development opportunities due to an inability to reach agreements with third parties to obtain land at attractive prices or to obtain desired zoning and other local approvals;
 
  •   we may abandon or defer development opportunities for a number of reasons, including changes in local market conditions which make development less desirable, increases in costs of development and increases in the cost of capital, resulting in losses;
 
  •   construction costs of a community may exceed our original estimates;
 
  •   we may not complete construction and lease-up of communities under development or redevelopment on schedule, resulting in increased interest costs and construction costs and a decrease in our expected rental revenues;
 
  •   occupancy rates and market rents may be adversely affected by competition and local economic and market conditions which are beyond our control;
 
  •   financing may not be available on favorable terms or at all, and our cash flow from operations and access to cost effective capital may be insufficient for the development of our pipeline which could limit our pursuit of opportunities;
 
  •   our cash flow may be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest, and we may be unable to refinance existing indebtedness or the terms of such refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of existing indebtedness;
 
  •   we may be unsuccessful in our management of the Fund and the Fund REIT; and
 
  •   we may be unsuccessful in managing changes in our portfolio composition.

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Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
       
Item 3.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 
       
    There have been no material changes to our exposures to market risk since December 31, 2005.
 
       
Item 4.   Controls and Procedures
 
       
 
  (a)   Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. The Company carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2006. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.
 
       
 
      During the quarter ended June 30, 2006, the Company performed an internal examination of the number of shares issued under its 1994 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) since adoption of the Plan in 1994. The Company determined that, while the number of shares issued under the Plan did not exceed the size of the Plan as approved by the Board of Directors and by the Company’s stockholders, the Company had issued more shares under the Plan than were registered for issuance pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”). In response to this determination, the Company (i) filed a new registration statement with the SEC to register future issuances of shares under the Plan, (ii) undertook a rescission offer registered pursuant to the Securities Act by which the Company offered to reacquire from Plan participants unregistered shares (the rescission offer period has expired, with no participants accepting the offer and no shares reacquired by the Company), and (iii) implemented new controls to track future issuances under the Plan against the number of shares registered under the Securities Act.
 
       
 
      We continue to review and document our disclosure controls and procedures, including our internal controls and procedures for financial reporting, and may from time to time make changes aimed at enhancing their effectiveness and to ensure that our systems evolve with our business.
 
       
 
  (b)   Changes in internal controls over financial reporting.
 
       
 
      None.
 
       
Part II. OTHER INFORMATION
 
       
Item 1.   Legal Proceedings
 
       
    We are currently involved in litigation alleging that 100 communities owned by us violate the accessibility requirements of the Fair Housing Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act. The lawsuit, Equal Rights Center v. AvalonBay Communities, Inc, was filed on September 23, 2005 in the federal district court in Maryland. The plaintiff seeks compensatory and punitive damages in unspecified amounts as well as injunctive relief (such as modification of existing assets), an award of attorneys’ fees, expenses and costs of suit. The Company has filed a motion to dismiss all or parts of the suit, which has not been ruled on yet by the court. Due to the preliminary nature of the litigation, we

49


 

     
 
  cannot predict or determine the outcome of this lawsuit, nor is it reasonably possible to estimate the amount of loss, if any, that would be associated with an adverse decision. In connection with our sale of three properties that are named in the suit, we have agreed with the buyer of each property that we will pay for the cost of any physical alterations or modifications required to be made to the property pursuant to a final court order in the suit or a settlement thereunder, and we may make similar agreements with regard to other properties that we sell during the pendency of the litigation.
 
   
 
  We are currently involved in a lawsuit regarding the handling of security deposits in California. The lawsuit, Julie E. Ko v. AvalonBay Communities, Inc. and Does 1 through 100, was filed on June 6, 2003, in California’s Los Angeles Superior Court. The suit purports to be brought on behalf of all of the Company’s former California residents who, during a four-year period, paid a security deposit to the Company for the rental of residential property in California and allegedly had a portion of the deposit withheld by the Company in excess of the damages actually sustained by the Company. We have agreed with the plaintiff on the terms of a settlement with the purported class. The settlement terms have been approved by the court, the settlement has been substantially implemented and the Company expects that the court will dismiss the case. The Company has paid or accrued for all costs it expects to incur in connection with the settlement.
 
   
 
  We are involved in litigation with York Hunter Construction, Inc. and National Union Fire Insurance Company related to a community that has since completed development. A non-jury trial in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of Westchester, ended in April 2004, and in May 2004, the court issued a ruling, finding that (i) York Hunter breached the Construction Management Agreement between it and the Company in consequential damages, and (ii) National Union, having failed to exercise its various rights to perform and complete, is liable to the Company for consequential damages. The court issued a ruling dated October 6, 2004, awarding the Company approximately $1,250,000 plus interest. In September 2005, the Company filed an appeal to seek an increase in the damage of the award the general contractor and surety has filed an appeal seeking a reduction. There is no guarantee that a higher, or any, damage award, will be received by the Company after all appeals are filed and a final ruling is provided.
 
   
 
  In addition to the matters described above, we are involved in various other claims and/or administrative proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business and, while no assurances can be given, the Company does not believe that any of these other outstanding litigation matters, individually or in the aggregate will have a material adverse effect on the Company.
 
   
Item 1a.
  Risk Factors.
 
   
 
  In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 in Part I, “Item 1a. Risk Factors.” The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks that could affect the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results in the future. There have been no material changes to our risk factors since December 31, 2005.

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Item 2.
  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
 
   
 
  Unregistered Sales of Securities. During the three months ended June 30, 2006, the Company inadvertently issued 77,196 shares under its 1994 Stock Incentive Plan in connection with stock option exercises and restricted share grants under the Company’s 1994 Stock Incentive Plan that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933. See Part I, Item 4 — Controls and Procedures for a further discussion.
 
   
 
  Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
                                 
                            (d)
                    (c)   Maximum Dollar
    (a)   (b)   Total Number of   Amount that May
    Total Number   Average Price   Shares Purchased   Yet be Purchased
    of Shares   Paid per   as Part of Publicly   Under the Plans or
    Purchased   Share   Announced Plans   Programs
               Period   (1)   (2)   or Programs   (in thousands)
Month Ended April 30, 2006
    0     $ —       —     $ 100,000  
Month Ended May 31, 2006
    947     $ 105.37       —     $ 100,000  
Month Ended June 30, 2006
    0     $ —       —     $ 100,000  
 
(1)   Includes shares surrendered to the Company in connection with employee stock option exercises or vesting of restricted stock as payment of exercise price or as payment of taxes.
 
(2)   As disclosed for the first time in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005, our Board of Directors has adopted a Stock Repurchase Program under which we may acquire, from time to time, shares of common stock in the open market with an aggregate purchase price of up to $100,000,000. No purchases were made under this program in 2005 or in 2006 to date. In determining whether to repurchase shares, we consider a variety of factors, including our liquidity needs, the then current market price of our shares and the effect of the share repurchases on our per share earnings and FFO. There is no scheduled expiration date to this program.
     
Item 3.
  Defaults Upon Senior Securities
 
   
 
  None.
 
   
Item 4.
  Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
 
   
 
  The Company held its 2006 Annual Meeting of Stockholders on May 17, 2006. The stockholders voted to elect Bryce Blair, Bruce A. Choate, John J. Healy, Jr., Gilbert M. Meyer, Timothy J. Naughton, Lance R. Primis, H. Jay Sarles, Allan D. Schuster and Amy P. Williams to serve as directors of the Company until the 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified.
 
   
 
  68,562,504 votes were cast for and 412,895 votes were withheld from the election of Mr. Blair.
 
   
 
  68,153,905 votes were cast for and 821,495 votes were withheld from the election of Mr. Choate.
 
   
 
  68,941,788 votes were cast for and 33,611 votes were withheld from the election of Mr. Healy.

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  68,084,557 votes were cast for and 890,842 votes were withheld from the election of Mr. Meyer.
 
   
 
  68,084,417 votes were cast for and 890,983 votes were withheld from the election of Mr. Naughton.
 
   
 
  68,942,439 votes were cast for and 32,961 votes were withheld from the election of Mr. Primis.
 
   
 
  68,940,128 votes were cast for and 35,272 votes were withheld from the election of Mr. Sarles.
 
   
 
  68,942,964 votes were cast for and 32,436 votes were withheld from the election of Mr. Schuster.
 
   
 
  68,941,686 votes were cast for and 33,714 votes were withheld from the election of Ms. Williams.
 
   
 
  Stockholders were also asked to ratify the selection of Ernst & Young LLP as the Company’s independent auditors for 2006. 68,649,275 votes were cast in favor of ratifying the selection of Ernst & Young LLP, 313,919 votes were cast against, and 12,203 abstained.
 
   
Item 5.
  Other Information
 
   
 
  None.
 
   
Item 6.
  Exhibits

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Exhibit No.       Description
3(i).1
  —   Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Articles of Incorporation of AvalonBay Communities (the “Company”), dated as of June 4, 1998. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i).1 to Form 10-Q of the Company filed August 14, 1998.)
 
       
3(i).2
  —   Articles of Amendment, dated as of October 2, 1998. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1(ii) to Form 8-K of the Company filed on October 6, 1998.)
 
       
3(i).3
  —   Articles Supplementary, dated as of October 13, 1998, relating to the 8.70% Series H Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1 to Form 8-A of the Company filed October 14, 1998.)
 
       
3(ii).1
  —   Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, as adopted by the Board of Directors on February 13, 2003. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(ii) to Form 10-K of the Company filed March 11, 2003.)
 
       
4.1
  —   Indenture of Avalon Properties, Inc. (hereinafter referred to as “Avalon Properties”) dated as of September 18, 1995. (Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K of Avalon Properties dated September 18, 1995.)
 
       
4.2
  —   First Supplemental Indenture of Avalon Properties dated as of September 18, 1995. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Form 10-K of the Company filed March 26, 2002.)
 
       
4.3
  —   Second Supplemental Indenture of Avalon Properties dated as of December 16, 1997. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Form 10-K of the Company filed March 11, 2003.)
 
       
4.4
  —   Third Supplemental Indenture of Avalon Properties dated as of January 22, 1998. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Form 10-K of the Company filed March 11, 2003.)
 
       
4.5
  —   Indenture, dated as of January 16, 1998, between the Company and State Street Bank and Trust Company, as Trustee. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to Form 10-K of the Company filed on March 11, 2003.)
 
       
4.6
  —   First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 20, 1998, between the Company and the Trustee. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to Form 10-K of the Company filed on March 11, 2003.)
 
       
4.7
  —   Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 7, 1998, between the Company and the Trustee. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Form 8-K of the Company filed on July 9, 1998.)
 
       
4.8
  —   Amended and Restated Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 10, 2000 between the Company and the Trustee, including forms of Floating Rate Note and Fixed Rate Note. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 11, 2000.)
 
       
4.9
  —   Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan of the Company filed on September 14, 1999. (Incorporated by reference to Form S-3 of the Company, File No. 333-87063.)
 
       
4.10
  —   Amendment to the Company’s Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan filed on December 17, 1999. (Incorporated by reference to the Prospectus Supplement filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 on December 17, 1999.)

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4.11
  —   Amendment to the Company’s Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan filed on March 26, 2004. (Incorporated by reference to the Prospectus Supplement filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933 on March 26, 2004).
 
       
4.12
  —   Amendment to the Company’s Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan filed in May 15, 2006. (Incorporated by references to the Prospectus Supplement filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933 on May 15, 2006).
 
       
12.1
  —   Statements re: Computation of Ratios. (Filed herewith.)
 
       
31.1
  —   Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Chief Executive Officer.) (Filed herewith.)
 
       
31.2
  —   Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Chief Financial Officer.) (Filed herewith.)
 
       
32
  —   Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.) (Furnished herewith.)

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
AVALONBAY COMMUNITIES, INC.
         
Date: August 9, 2006
   /s/ Bryce Blair    
 
 
 
Bryce Blair
   
 
  Chief Executive Officer    
 
  (Principal Executive Officer)    
 
       
Date: August 9, 2006
   /s/ Thomas J. Sargeant    
 
 
 
Thomas J. Sargeant
   
 
  Chief Financial Officer    
 
  (Principal Financial Officer)    

55